Children's Books; Home & Living; Accessories; 0. Lisa See is a Chinese-American author. Continue Shopping. "Bound Women in Charge. However, exploring such vistas has never been easier thanks to the Snow flower t They had no free will, and were not encouraged to think about anything other than caring for the home, children, and satisfying their husband. With the period detail and deep resonance of Memoirs of a Geisha, this lyrical and emotionally charged novel delves into one of the most mysterious of human relationships: female friendship. Receive Updates. Lisa See never disappoints me, and I loved my experience reading "Snow Flower and the Secret Fan". Snow Flower was a goodreads giveaway which is a lot of fun. 10. Directed by Wayne Wang. The setting of the book, and the imagery all add to the emotional rollercoaster you experience in this book. ", Sara Payton. Although Snow Flower comes from a formerly prosperous family, she is not so fortunate. So I gave up. The brutality of it was expected in the same way corsets were used in Victorian England to make the waists look tinier. A film by Yue-Qing Yang. by Lisa See. Featured Image Source: ©07-10-18, Pixabay.com But were they really? '[3][4] In addition to the language itself, the young women learn Nü Shu songs and stories.They also frequently meet at the Temple of the Gupo, a fictional temple where the women go to pray for the birth of healthy sons, which in their culture, is the "measure of a woman's worth.". Snow Flower And The Secret Fan A Novel (Book) : See, Lisa : Lily is haunted by memories-of who she once was, and of a person, long gone, who defined her existence. Foot-binding was the tradition of binding a young daughter's feet by wrapping cloth around their feet tightly and forcing them to walk until their bones broke and were easier to mold and change, then tightening the bindings as time progressed. "Nu Shu: A Hidden Language of Women in China". Snow Flower and the Panther; African Animals ABC; Women's Collection . A work of exceptional beauty has been created!! Snow Flower 's father and husband to Snow Flower's Mother. [1] The novel begins in 1903, when Lily is 80 years old. Lisa See brings to life a world that has long been gone, the landscape and food of 19th century China are reborn in Snow Flower and the Secret Fan. People who want to sigh over a female friendship without thinking too critically, My review from Amazon (back in the days before I discovered goodreads!) Like 1 like t. TEENREVIEWBOARD May 08, 2019. The subject matter is horrific but the story is truly engaging. 2. Over the time, the requirements for refinements have changed but haven't completely disappeared. No phrase or passage noteworthy for its beauty or addition to literature. See comments on Nü Shu in her brief introduction to the novel: "It is believed that Nü Shu . ", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Snow_Flower_and_the_Secret_Fan&oldid=993520455, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Douglas, Carol Anne. She dies two weeks later, asking Lily to be an aunt to her two remaining children. "Painful Memories for China's Footbinding Survivors. This take. She has nothing but time now, as she recounts the tale of Snow Flower, and asks the gods for forgiveness. The book was published in multiple languages including English, consists of 24 pages and is available in Hardcover format. The main characters of this historical, historical fiction story are Snowflower, Lily. I have been a fan of Lisa See's mysteries, and her sympathies with, and skill in creating characters of both sexes, are apparent in both the mystery plots and the present book. Snow Flower - A book by Gabriele Rose de Ginant. On my 13th birthday, I was furiously handed a copy of, Over the centuries every culture has its own version of "perfection" and refinement that sets people (women, mostly) apart from their counter parts. Lily, the narrator, rises in status and good luck in the course of the book while Snow Flower, from a family originally of higher class, descends because of her marriage to a butcher, a "polluting" profession in their culture. Does anyone know if there are still women alive today who have bound feet? Clear rating. The laotong, Snow Flower, introduces herself by sending Lily a silk fan on which she’s painted a poem in nu shu, a unique language that Chinese women created in order to communicate in secret, away from the influence of men. Snow Flower and Lily stepped out of the pages of this book and into my heart. Lisa See has written her best book yet. Snow Flower and the Secret Fan A Novel (Book) : See, Lisa : Lily is haunted by memories--of who she once was, and of a person, long gone, who defined her existence. 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars. This is not because Lisa See was unable to portray the life in this feudal Chinese society well, because much of this was vivid and interesting. There way of life, what was expected of them, having no choice in their future, it amazes me to know that similar situations still happen in 2008. Nina also finds a book Sophia has been writing about their ancestors and that is how the story of Snow Flower and Lily come alive. ", Clea Simon. The two girls--Snow Flower and Lily--have a friendship that is beautiful and is fun to pick out little pieces from my own childhood/current friendships that I recognize and adore. You also get a first hand understanding of the culture Lily and Snow Flower grow up in. Snow Flower marries a man that abuses her and her children. Admission to the Taebaeksan Snow Festival is free. Snow Flower and the Secret Fan is achingly beautiful, a marvel of imagination of a real and secret world that has only recently disappeared. While I thought of this, in many ways as a "women's book", I learned so much from reading it and I am grateful to my wife for recommending it. In her beloved New York Times bestsellers Snow Flower and the Secret Fan, ... a New York TimesNotable Book, and on the Los Angeles TimesBest Books List for 1997. Each year, heavy snowfall in remote Korean country, covers vast forests, hills and valleys revealing beautiful scenery that is often unknown to many foreigners. Snow Flower and the Secret Fan is a brilliantly realistic journey back to an era of Chinese history that is as deeply moving as it is sorrowful. I pointed out that his celebrity crush, Paris Hilton (yeah, another reason I dumped him) has huge size-eleven feet. "Novel's Powerful Prose Brings History to Life. My grandmother used to say that my big feet meant I had a “good foundation.” I’d stare longingly at her size-six feet when she said this and curse my genetic inheritance from elsewhere in the family tree. Angela Workman adapted the original script, revised by Ronald Bass and Michael Ray. Snow Flower and the Secret Fan A Novel (Book Club Kit) : See, Lisa : An evocative story of friendship set against the backdrop of a nineteenth-century China in which women suffered from foot binding, isolation, and illiteracy follows an elderly woman and her companion as they communicate their hopes, dreams, joys, and tragedies through a unique secret language. Snow Flower 's father and husband to Snow Flower's Mother. In the story, we are told again and again that women are weak and worthless. With the period detail and deep resonance of Memoirs of a Geisha, this lyrical and emotionally charged novel delves into one of the most mysterious of human relationships: female friendship. Her books include, “Read a thousand books, and your words will flow like a river.”, “I am old enough to know only too well my good and bad qualities, which were often one in the same.”, California Book Award for Fiction (Silver) (2005), Asian/Pacific American Award for Literature for Adult Fiction Honor (2005). Let's Go To Africa! The author sees Snow Flower and the Secret Fan as a novel about love and regret, but do you think there's also an element of atonement in it as well. The two girls experience the painful process of foot binding at the same time. Free download or read online Snow Flower and the Secret Fan pdf (ePUB) book. Yes. Snow Flower and the Secret Fan is a brilliantly realistic journey back to an era of Chinese history that is as deeply moving as it is sorrowful. I tried to read it. Snow Flower and the Secret Fan A Novel (Book) : See, Lisa : Random House, Inc.Lily is haunted by memories–of who she once was, and of a person, long gone, who defined her existence. While I found the writing journalistic: that is competent, extremely well researched, fast paced, page-turning, I cannot truly say it was well written. Snow Flower and the Secret Fan is a brilliantly realistic journey back to an era of Chinese history that is as deeply moving as it is sorrowful. This story takes place in China’s Hunan Province in the 1800s and is more about the inner lives of the women than the men. This takes place in the 1800s. It is extremely well-written, touchingly sad, and poignantly beautiful. I actually wavered between giving this book a rating of 3 or 4 stars. Just a moment while we sign you in to your Goodreads account. Summary Lisa See’s novel Snow Flower and the Secret Fan takes place in China during the 1800s.Lily is the main character and first-person narrator of her life story. "Q and A: A Conversation with Lisa See and Her Mother, Author Carolyn See", Lousa Lim. Read this book using Google Play Books app on your PC, android, iOS devices. ― Lisa See, quote from Snow Flower and the Secret Fan “Anyone who tells you that the Yao people never care for their daughters is lying. However, she must eventually redeem herself after cutting Snow Flower off based on a misunderstanding. Overview. I felt like I had lived with Lily and experience her hardships, like her foot binding. Most of the novel is written strictly from the narrator's point of view. Fox Searchlight acquired North American rights to the film,[6] and released it July 15, 2011. those interested in women in 19th century rural China or who enjoy learning about other cultures. Although I understand that it was every man for himself, and everyone had their own families to care for, it was difficult for me to grasp that even the women were okay with leaving children behind to die. It continues on to tell the story of her life from birth, childhood, marriage, and old age. Like 1 like t. TEENREVIEWBOARD May 08, 2019. (Exactly the same experience I had with Rushdie's Satanic Verses). If you were in Lily/Snow Flower's position, fleeing from the war, and you, like the two of them, came across helpless children left to die, do you think you would stop to save them? No phrase or passage noteworthy for its beauty or addition to literature. Free shipping and pickup in store on eligible orders. For the most part, this was because of China's Qing rulers, who refuses to adapt to industrialization. I felt like I had lived with Lily and experience her hardships, like her foot binding. So I am happy for Good Reads. Let's Go To Africa! But, Lisa See did a great job in taking us into the hearts and souls of two women and the hardships and love that they lived, endured and suffered over their lifetime. Nina also finds a book Sophia has been writing about their ancestors and that is how the story of Snow Flower and Lily come alive. - Book Review of Snow Flower and the Secret Fan - Chinese Culture at BellaOnline Snow Flower and the Secret Fan is a 2011 historical drama film based on the novel of the same name written by Lisa See. A nasty and temperamental man addicted to opium, he sold his family's possessions to pay for opium and nearly sold Snow Flower as a… read analysis of Snow Flower's Father. . "Beyond Beijing: China's Past, Present, and Future. See created an entire lifetime of a woman's experience in ancient Asia and beautifully crafted her character in a way that made Lily's climb from oppression to honor realistically come to life for me, a large-boned, large-footed Caucasian with "feet that flap like fish." In nineteenth-century China, when wives and daughters were foot-bound and lived in almost total … Their relationship, known as a, Have you ever wanted to know how it would have been if you would have lived in another time, like the Roaring Twenties, or ancient Egypt or Rome? A story set in nineteenth-century China and focusing on the life-long friendship between two girls who develop their own secret code as a way to contend with the rigid social norms imposed on women. In the first and last chapter, the narrator Lily reveals that she is dictating the story to Peony, the wife of her grandson, as a form of confession to her friend Snow Flower who is now in the afterworld. She truly is THE authority on historical fiction set in China. ;), Lisa See never disappoints me, and I loved my experience reading "Snow Flower and the Secret Fan". Free download or read online Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs pdf (ePUB) (Disneys Wonderful World of Reading Series) book. Snow Flower and the Secret Fan is a brilliantly realistic journey back to an era of Chinese history that is as deeply moving as it is sorrowful. Download for offline reading, highlight, bookmark or take notes while you read Snow Flower and the Secret Fan: A Novel. Snow Flower's mother-in-law, a nasty woman, tries to starve Snow Flower's first weak son, but Lily makes it clear she won't allow that to happen. With Bingbing Li, Jun Ji-Hyun, Vivian Wu, Russell Wong. The University of Southern California China historian Charlotte Furth wrote that Western readers think of Chinese women simply as victims and focus on such problems as footbinding and arranged marriages, but that Lisa See's historical novels "follow the best feminist scholarship on women in the Ming-Qing period by tackling these stereotypes." We may be worthless. "White Snakes and Secret Fans: Chinese Women in Fiction. Snow Flower and the Secret Fan is a brilliantly realistic journey back to an era of Chinese history that is as deeply moving as it is sorrowful. Lily, the main character was born 1823. Start your 48-hour free trial to unlock this Snow Flower and the Secret Fan study guide. Snow Flower has been away from her wealth because her father has wasted the money on a drug for a pipe he has been smoking. They were also expected to get their ‘foot binding’ when they were six years old. A marriage is not mad… Availability: Worldwide. Sigh. Have you ever wanted to know how it would have been if you would have lived in another time, like the Roaring Twenties, or ancient Egypt or Rome? Watch trailer. Duration: 21 minutes. [7], Susan Kelly writes: "The secret fan of the title provides the folds in which the girls write to each other in. Snow Flower and the Secret Fan: A Novel is surely intended for any reader who likes a compelling, historically-set, moving, suspenseful story. Start by marking “Snow Flower and the Secret Fan” as Want to Read: Error rating book. This relationship begins for Lily and Snow Flower when they're at the age of 7 and goes until adulthood when the two are women and mothers. Read and reviewed in 2008. Review updated in 2020 - without rereading the book - to focus on "secret" languages. See created an entire lifetime of a woman's experience in ancient Asia and beautifully crafted her character in a way that made Lily's climb from oppression to honor realistically come to life for me, a large-boned, large-footed Caucasian with "feet that flap like fish." Lily is practical, her feet firmly set on the ground, while Snow Flower attempts to fly over the constrictions of women's lives in the 19th century in order to be free. With Snow Flower, See has written a novel that ranks with the best fiction of Amy Tan and Maxine Hong Kingston, the modern luminaries of Chinese storytelling.” — Philadelphia Inquirer “This is a fascinating portrait of a time and place alive with beauty and brutality.” She has nothing but time now, as she recounts the tale of Snow Flower, and asks the gods for forgiveness. Snow Flower and the Secret Fan is a brilliantly realistic journey back to an era of Chinese history that is as deeply moving as it is sorrowful. With the period detail and deep resonance of Memoirs of a Geisha, this lyrical and emotionally charged novel delves into one of the most mysterious of human relationships: female friendship. A nasty and temperamental man addicted to opium, he sold his family's possessions to pay for opium and nearly sold Snow Flower as a… read analysis of Snow Flower's Father. During her lifetime, Lily lives through the reigns of four emperors of the Qing dynasty: Daoguang (1820–1850); Xianfeng (1850–1861); Tongzhi (1861–1875); and Guangxu (1875–1908). From the Hardcover edition. Flower Netwas also nominated for an Edgar award for best first novel. The butcher takes his grief out on Snow Flower and beats her … Genres: Art, Kids + Family. by Random House. Arthur Golden, author of Memoirs of a Geisha. The only thing that these women were expected to do was learn to cook and clean, obey their mother, father and older brothers. One day Snow Flower is out collecting water with her friend, Remi. Over the centuries every culture has its own version of "perfection" and refinement that sets people (women, mostly) apart from their counter parts. Flower in title. Lily, the narrator, rises in status and good luck in the course of the book while Snow Flower, from a family originally of higher class, descends because of her marriage to a butcher, a "polluting" profession in their culture. They were also expected to marry, with a guy that the family thought would be proper. She has nothing but time now, as she recounts the tale of Snow Flower, and asks the gods for forgiveness. If you want a more thorough understanding or review of this book, I suggest you read one of the other 300 thousand reviews. My research says no but I think today's high heels compare in terms of their ability to deform the wearer's feet. Pre-made Covers for Sale $50 eBook $30 Wrap (must be purchased with the eBook) Purchase any combo of 3+ at once and get $5 off each! Well the book Snow Flower and the Secret Fan by Lisa See, took me to 19th century China. Lily's need for love and her inability to forgive what she considers to be acts of betrayal cause her to inflict harm on many people, Snow Flower most of all. The dynamics of the women's relationships were fascinating, reminiscent of, I really hate cultures that put the importance of one human being over another and particularly boys over girls (mine included). The plot didn't, the characters didn't and so I couldn't get past about page 50. Snow Flower and the Secret Fan is a brilliantly realistic journey back to an era of Chinese history that is as deeply moving as it is sorrowful. In Snowflower and the Secret Fan and in Peony in Love, See "asks readers to imagine how a few such women might have found voices of their own within, rather than in opposition to, the Confucian social order, and how they found ways to self-fulfillment without flouting their culture’s fundamental values." Snow Flower and The Panther is an endearing book for all ages, my 2 year, 5 year, and even 12 year old love it. 74 likes. This book had all of that. At times he meets up with a group of children to tell his magic tale. She has nothing but time now, as she recounts the tale of Snow Flower, and asks the gods for forgiveness. The laotong, Snow Flower, introduces herself by sending Lily a silk fan on which she’s painted a poem in nu shu, a unique language that Chinese women created in order to communicate in s. In nineteenth-century China, in a remote Hunan county, a girl named Lily, at the tender age of seven, is paired with a laotong, “old same,” in an emotional match that will last a lifetime. Praise “Lisa See has written her best book yet. The laotong relationship is characterized as a sisterly relationship that is far stronger and closer than a husband and wife's. I had high hopes for this book, but ended up feeling deflated and disappointed. She has nothing but time now, as she recounts the tale of Snow Flower, and asks the gods for forgiveness. It was so non-compelling, who were these little mice of women, what were they up to, why should I care? An exciting adventure, part reality part fantasy, that … With the period detail and deep resonance of Memoirs of a Geisha , this lyrical and emotionally charged novel delves into one of the most mysterious of human relationships: female friendship. Discover Book Depository's huge selection of Snow Flower Enterprises books online. Every once in a while after finishing a book I am reluctant to pick up another one. Book your ticket for the Snow Flower Train in advance. Ellen Emry Heltzel. Start your 48-hour free trial to unlock this Snow Flower and the Secret Fan study guide. Foot binding in China was equated with elitism and gave girls an opportunity to marry a higher class man. [s], The Season's Most Anticipated Historical Fiction. To understand this, the book draws the parallel: "Men in China feel about women's feet as men in west do about a woman's legs. The laotong relationship is characterized as a sisterly relationship that is far stronger and closer than a husband and wife's. The ideal foot (called Golden Lotus) was 3 Chinese inches (about 10 cm or 4 inches in Western measurements) in length. Although this is the book I've heard is the most "famous", I find "Shanghai Girls", "Dreams of Joy", and "Peony In Love" were a bit more to my tastes; I just connected more with those characters than I did with Snow Flower and Lily. Yes. There are many tigger warnings here, foot-binding, disrespectful treatment of women by men and by women and some very poverty stricken circumstances makes for very difficult reading. Winter in Korea can reveal the hidden beauty of the South Korean open country. About the Book Snow Flower and the Secret Fan. This Study Guide consists of approximately 47 pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more - everything you need to sharpen your knowledge of Snow Flower and the Secret Fan. This book made me realize how lucky I am to have been born in the 20th century, and to the culture I was born in. Believing that Snow Flower has not been true to her, Lily betrays her by sharing all her private secrets to a group of women, virtually destroying Snow Flower's reputation. In … Lily and Snow Flower are destined to be friends, but they become sister, and as we know sisters have fights, but for Lily her ignorance leads to her to become prideful. Lily, the narrator, rises in status and good luck in the course of the book while Snow Flower, from a family originally of higher class, descends because of her marriage to a butcher, a "polluting" profession in their culture. In her introduction to the novel, See writes that Lily, the narrator, was born on June 5, 1824—"the fifth day of the sixth month of the third year of the Daoguang Emperor's … But, Lisa See did a great job in taking us into the hearts and souls of two women and the hardships and love that they lived, endured and suffered over their lifetime. Two aspects of the book were interesting: descriptions of the practice of Chinese footbinding, and an exploration of 'nu shu,' the written language Chinese women developed to communicate exclusively with each other. She truly is THE authority on historical fiction set in China. Their lives differ as well. First off, the language is beautiful and so fitting for the context. I was fascinated, however, by the potential for beautiful prose but lists just don't do that for me. In what ways did Lily and Snow Flower show their strength and value? from InMotionPro Photo Cinema PRO on February 7, 2018. I was fascinated, however, by the potential for beautiful prose but lists just don't do that for me. The first part of the blurb states, "In nineteenth-century China" -- we're in the 21st century. Her own husband and children have since died, and she quietly watches the next generation in her home. Lily is haunted by memories–of who she once was, and of a person, long gone, who defined her existence. Snow Flower and the Secret Fan A Novel (Book Club Kit) : See, Lisa : Lily is haunted by memories-of who she once was, and of a person, long gone, who defined her existence. Free delivery worldwide on over 20 million titles. "A Wealthy Woman's Life in China Not So Long Ago. "Bound by Oppression and a Secret Tongue. Yonggang. The publisher's missed an opportunity to replicate the secret fan from See's clues - would have been a bonus. Lily's aunt describes a laotong match this way: "A laotong relationship is made by choice for the purpose of emotional companionship and eternal fidelity. Like 1 like t. TEENREVIEWBOARD May 08, 2019. I just finished this book and wanted to come write about it immediately so I don't forget how it made me feel. Snow Flower and the Secret Fan is so rich in psychology, feminine high stakes and marital intrigue that it evokes the work of Jane Austen. Set in China in the early to mid -19th century, this book tells of a deep friendship between two women, Lily and Snow Flower. Snow Flower and the Secret Fan by Lisa See. $0.00 Subtotal; Checkout; Home; New Arrival; Kid's Collection . It is extreme. Set in nineteenth-century China, Snow Flower and the Secret Fan tells the story of Lily, a young girl who is given the opportunity to learn to read and write in order to correspond with another girl her age, Snow Flower. I need to spend a few days thinking and picking apart the book processing new things learned, deciding how it fits in with my world view, admiring prose, and analyzing if I really "believe" the story and accept the author's conclusions. Wow. The first part of the blurb states, "In nineteenth-century China" -- we're in the 21st century. That should not deter anyone from reading this novel, however - it is popular for a reason. . So I am happy for Good Reads. Anyway, this book tells of the story of how two people can become one, and how human mistakes can change people’s lives. Snow Flower And The School Day Adventure - Duration: 8 minutes, 33 seconds. Summary Lisa See’s novel Snow Flower and the Secret Fan takes place in China during the 1800s.Lily is the main character and first-person narrator of her life story. So I was hoping that Snow Flower and the Secret Fan would fit the bill for my craving for Asian drama :), My book club was more interested in talking about their trips to China than See's book. Snow Flower, a new story with all the magic and Old World charm you've come to expect from a fairytale. It appears to be the only written language in the world to have been created by women exclusively for their own use", Asian/Pacific American Awards for Literature, "Murdoch's Wife to Produce Chinese Period Drama", "Searchlight Buys Murdoch-Produced Snow Flower and the Secret Fan", "Exclusive: First Look At Wayne Wang's 'Snow Flower And The Secret Fan, "Premodern Chinese Women in Historical Fiction: The Novels of Lisa See". Snow Flower married a butcher and Lily had married a wealthy man. While I found the writing journalistic: that is competent, extremely well researched, fast paced, page-turning, I cannot truly say it was well written. Lily, the narrator, rises in status and good luck in the course of the book while Snow Flower, from a family originally of higher class, descends because of her marriage to a butcher, a "polluting" profession in their culture. Although Lily comes from a family of relatively low station, her feet are considered beautiful and play a role in her marriage into the most powerful family in the region. ", Claire Hopley. When Snow Flower is dying, Lily is called to her bedside and tends to her until the end. 49 likes. She has nothing but time now, as she recounts the tale of Snow Flower, and asks the gods for forgiveness. Everything that Lily and Snow Flower experience makes this book one of the best books I have read in the past couple of years. Goodreads helps you keep track of books you want to read. developed a thousand years ago. That should not deter anyone from reading this novel, however - it is popular for a reason. [2]. Snow Flower and the Secret Fan is a powerful story about relationships, regrets, and life-long friendships. While set in a traditional Chinese world, almost anyone can relate to the themes and emotions in this book. Although this is the book I've heard is the most "famous", I find "Shanghai Girls", "Dreams of Joy", and "Peony In Love" were a bit more to my tastes; I just connected more with those characters than I did with Snow Flower and Lily. Snow Flower and the Secret Fan A Novel (Book) : See, Lisa : Lily is haunted by memories of who she once was, and of a person, long gone, who defined her existence. Book Reviews Snow Flower and the Secret Fan is written with a stately but unremarkable prettiness; it is not a book that will make its mark for reasons of style.But Ms. See has worked enough joy, pain and dramatic weepiness ("Oh, how I wanted to dip a cloth into that water and wipe away the cares that played across my laotong's features") to give it a quiet staying power. Snow Flower and Lily stepped out of the pages of this book and into my heart. The novel received an honorable mention from the Asian/Pacific American Awards for Literature. Foot binding in China was equated with elitism and gave girls an opportunity to marry a higher class man. Lily 's personal servant girl … Then I had an ex-boyfriend make the infuriating statement that rich women have small feet. With the period detail and deep resonance of Memoirs of a Geisha, this lyrical and emotionally charged novel delves into one of the most mysterious of human relationships: female friendship. In the first and last chapter, the narrator Lily reveals that she is dictating the story to Peony, the wife of her grandson, as a form of confession to her friend Snow Flower who is now in the afterworld.