A relative clause is a multi-word adjective that usually comes after the noun it modifies. Relative Clause Examples at KS2 Level: "John, who was at the park, was playing football." It has a subject and verb, but can’t stand alone as a sentence. The job is well paid. Relative Clause. The woman is coming tonight. → The summer when I graduated from university was long and hot. I'm Seonaid and I hope you like the website. 4. This is the house which Jack built. What’s the clause? Relative clause worksheet. It replaces a possessive. He went to the country. Relative Clause & Relative Pronoun Definition & Examples Relative pronouns and relative clauses work closely together to add additional information to sentences, and to create more complex sentences. Report a problem. Julie listens to the music. Relative Pronouns (who, which, that, where, whom, whose, why, what, when) are used to introduce Relative Clauses. She lives in New York. This is the house which Jack built. The bar in Barcelona is still there. The little girl's / her doll was lost. A relative clause connects ideas by using pronouns that relate to something previously mentioned and allows the writer to combine two independent clauses into one sentence. Explore more than 30 'Relative Clauses Year 5' resources for teachers, parents and pupils as well as related resources on 'Relative Clauses Year 4' → The woman whose car is a BMW is coming tonight. The information is essential in order to understand what or who is being referred to. If you wish, we can examine this in more detail through an example. When relative pronouns introduce restrictive relative clauses, no comma is used to separate the restrictive clause from the main clause. Notice how the relative clause always follows directly after the noun it describes.. This example illustrates the three basic parts of a relative clause construction: the head noun (woman), the modifying clause (I love), and the relativizer (that) which links the modifying clause to the head. who, that, which, whose and whom) to introduce a defining relative clause (In the examples, the relative clause is in bold, and the person or thing being referred to is underlined. → The summer in which I graduated was long and hot. I sent a postcard that arrived five weeks later. Examples: #1 This is the necklace which/that my mom gave me for my 16 th birthday. Also known as an adjective clause, an adjectival clause, and a relative construction. The little girl is sad. In English, there are two types of relative clauses: defining and non-defining clauses. Relative clauses are always introduced by relative pronouns, usually, der, die, das for people and things. How the two clauses are joined together. The summer was long and hot. First, let's consider when the relative pronoun is the subject of a defining relative clause. Relative clauses provide details about the action specified in the preceding clause. Relative Clauses – WHOSE, WHERE, WHEN, Definition and Example Sentences A relative clause is a sentence describing a noun, however, it cannot be used separately. always modify noun phrases. → I live in the city that / which I study in. Sentence Relative Clauses"Sentence relative clauses refer back to the whole clause or sentence, not just to one noun. We use relative clauses to make clear which person or thing we are talking about: Marie Curie is the woman who discovered radium. My sister, who I live with, knows a lot about cars. → The country (which / that) he went to is very hot. Commas are not used to separate defining relative clauses from the rest of the sentence. A relative clause does not express a complete thought, so it cannot stand alone as a sentence. The relative pronoun in each example is italicized. What’s the clause? In such cases both relative pronoun and auxiliary can be left out: Who's that man (who is) standing by the gate? ): Read the examples below. I used to work with the woman. But in the second example, Melissa must be from France, and this is qualified. These ares some examples of Sentences with Non-Defining Relative Clauses. ): Dr. Richard Nordquist is professor emeritus of rhetoric and English at Georgia Southern University and the author of several university-level grammar and composition textbooks. Relative clauses are non-essential parts of a sentence. Subject Relative Pronouns. Grand Central, 2011, Tai Van Nguyen, The Storm of Our Lives: A Vietnamese Family's Boat Journey to Freedom. Categories & Ages. WHO ”Who” is a kind of relative clause we use when the subject or object we want to describe is a human being. The … The bike (which / that) I loved was stolen. About this resource. My mother's house, which I grew up in, is very small. Relative Clause Examples. Next, let's talk about when the relative pronoun is the object of the clause. Defining relative clauses give us essential information – information that tells us who or what we are talking about. The first thing to notice from these examples is that the relative clause can come both at the end and in the middle of the sentence. Commas or parentheses are used to separate non-defining relative clauses from the rest of the sentence. The shared noun phrase the man is understood to fill that gap ("I saw [the man]"). If the noun we describe declares possessive in the defining sentence, ‘ whose ’ is used for both people and objects. They may add meaning, but if they are removed, the sentence will still function grammatically. Our Mission. In this example, the relative clause is ‘who smells of slime’. My mother’s house, which I grew up in, was demolished the other day. Try to use all possible relative pronouns (who, whom, which, that, in which, at which, when) or no relative pronouns. Report a problem. Cambridge University Press, 2002, Geoffrey Leech, Benita Cruickshank, and Roz Ivanic, An A-Z of English Grammar & Usage, 2nd ed. This anaphoric element may be overt or covert. . Relative clauses. 1. When the relative clause contains a present or past participle and the auxiliary verb to be. → She lives in New York, which she likes. It is very fast. It comes after the noun defined by a basic sentence. 6. which/that my mom gave me for my 16 th birthday We usually use a relative pronoun (e.g. ): In this example, the relative clause is 'who was at the park' which is introduced by the relative pronoun 'who'. She likes living in New York. We use relative pronouns to introduce relative clauses. We use commas (,) to separate non-defining relative clauses from the rest of the sentence.Commas represent a pause. It is also called adjective clause because it defines a noun. 2.1. We don't need this information to understand the sentence. I’m looking for a secretary that can work under pressure and use a computer well. Updated: Nov 21, 2014. ppt, 211 KB. If the defined sentence is the subject of the basic sentence, the relative clause is located between the subject and the predicate. A broad rule you can apply to relative clauses in order to punctuate them correctly is that restrictive clauses are never offset by commas, whereas nonrestrictive clauses are. A relative clause does not express a complete thought, so it cannot stand alone as a sentence. His car was stolen. I like the person whowas nice t… In this sentence we understand that there are many dogs in the world, but … Relative clauses add information to sentences by using a relative pronoun such as who, that or which. Formation methods. In American English, the relative pronoun whom is used rarely. Demonstrates how to add a relative clause into a sentence using where, who, whose, which. The personwas nice to me. I sent a letter which / that arrived three weeks later. We can remove the relative pronoun if it is the object, not subject of the relative clause. Relative clauses provide additional information about a noun without starting a new sentence. The dog is over there. There is a more detailed page about preposition As can be seen from both examples, the concept introduced after the relative pronoun (who) is qualified and translated in this way. → There is a good film on the television tonight which you might like to watch. 7. The following sentences contain examples of relative pronouns. Relative clauses in English usually employ gapping. A relative clause is also known as an adjective clause. Please contact me if you have any questions or comments. Example Sentences. → I visited the city (that / which) John comes from. I visited the city. SAS Institute, 2008, Rodney Huddleston and Geoffrey Pullum, The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. The people who / that live on the island are very friendly. Relative clauses are non-essential parts of a sentence. I sent a letter which / that arrived three weeks later. Random House, 1969, G.K. Chesterton, "The Romance of Rhyme," 1920, John R. Kohl, The Global English Style Guide: Writing Clear, Translatable Documentation for a Global Market. I'm looking for a secretary who / that can use a computer well. A defining relative clause usually comes immediately after the noun it describes. → The dog whose owner lives next door is over there. Preview and details Files included (1) docx, 22 KB. To many people the word whom now sounds old-fashioned, and it is rarely used in spoken English. For example (clause after the object of the sentence): More examples (clause after the subject of the sentence): Try an exercise where the relative pronoun is the subject here. There are two broad types of relative clauses in English. The child has sunk into her mattress. → I live in the city in which I study. It comes after the noun defined by a basic sentence. Pearson, 2001. Demtri Martin, This Is a Book. Relative clause worksheet. While both pronouns can be used in other constructions, the confusion usually arises when they are being used as relative pronouns to introduce adjective (or relative) clauses. The woman that my brother is going to marry is from New Zealand. Its roof is very old. For example, if two relative clauses are joined by a coordinating conjunction (and, or, or but), then the second one doesn't immediately follow the noun phrase that it modifies: Anaphoric Elements in Relative Clauses"Relative clauses are so called because they are related by their form to an antecedent. The doctor (who / that) my grandmother liked lives in New York. Get more Perfect English Grammar with our courses. Relative clauses may be either finite clauses (as in the examples above) or non-finite clauses. The photographer called to the Queen, who looked annoyed. She loves the chocolate (which / that) I bought. I graduated from university in the summer. The woman (who / that) my brother loves is from Mexico. Relative clauses are traditionally divided into two types: restrictive and nonrestrictive. → I live in the city where I study. Info. Relative/ Adjective; Relative Clauses: The relative clause does the function of an adjective in a sentence. My mother, who is 86, lives in Paris. Also known as an adjective clause, an adjectival clause, and a relative construction . The pronoun is required, even when it is the object of the verb in the relative clause. Do you know the gallerist? We can use relative clauses to join two English sentences, or to give more information about something. The dog's / its owner lives next door. You might like to watch the film. McFarland, 2009, Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. I live in London, which has some fantastic parks. We can sometimes use these question words instead of relative pronouns and prepositions. Commas or parentheses are always used to separate non–defining relative clauses from the rest of the sentence. Relative Pronouns (who, which, that, where, whom, whose, why, what, when) are used to introduce Relative Clauses. We can't drop the relative pronoun. I live in a city. A relative clause is one kind of dependent clause. It can be used for people and things. Commas or parentheses are always used to separate non-defining relative clauses from the rest of the sentence. A relative clause is one kind of dependent clause. It provides more information about the man. My brother met a woman. 'Whose' is always the subject of the relative clause and can't be left out. . In non-wh relatives the anaphoric element is covert, a gap; this class is then subdivided into that relatives and bare relatives depending on the presence or absence of that.". Relative clauses: defining and non-defining - English Grammar Today - a reference to written and spoken English grammar and usage - Cambridge Dictionary Relative clauses. Notice that the relative clause follows the word that it describes. Commas represent a pause. A relative clause always begins with a “relative pronoun,” which substitutes for a noun, a noun phrase, or a pronoun when sentences are combined. Stop for a minute and think about all the ways that you may communicate throughout the day Examples. Take for example the sentence: Dogs that like cats are very unusual. The camera which / that costs £100 is over there. We bought a house which / that is 200 years old. We use 'who' for people and 'which' for things. We use: who and whom for people; which for things; that for people or things. ”Who” is a kind of relative clause we use when the subject or object we want to describe is a human being. I really love the new Chinese restaurant, which we went to last night. → The summer that / which I graduated from university in was long and hot. Examples: #1 This is the necklace which/that my mom gave me for my 16 th birthday. → The bar in Barcelona where I met my wife is still there. She has a son who is in the army. A defining relative clause tells which noun we are talking about: A non-defining relative clause gives us extra information about something. The relative clause is used to add information about the noun, so it must be ‘related’ to the noun. A relative clause is a postmodifier--that is, it follows the noun or noun phrase it modifies. She has a son who / that is a doctor. Defining clauses (Restrictive clauses) A defining relative clause tells which noun we are talking about. For use with my Y6 booster set. → The bar in Barcelona that / which I met my wife in is still there. → The bar in Barcelona in which I met my wife is still there. The student who I congratulated is successful. John comes from the city. For example, in the sentence "This is the man that I saw", there is a gap after the word saw. 1) The woman is my English teacher. The relative clause can come after the subject or the object of the sentence. For example: My science teacher is a person whom I like very much. Two kinds of relative clause. My bicycle, which I've had for more than ten years, is falling apart. However, a relative clause doesn't always immediately follow the noun phrase that it modifies. A defining relative clause usually comes immediately after the noun it describes. Relative clauses: defining and non-defining - English Grammar Today – une référence pour l'utilisation et la grammaire de l'anglais écrit et parlé – Cambridge Dictionary Non-defining relative clauses are composed of a relative pronoun, a verb, and optional other elements such as the subject or object of the verb. 5. which/that my mom gave me for my 16 th birthday We are looking at her.. There are two kinds of relative clause: 1. They are introduced by a relative pronoun like 'that', 'which', 'who', 'whose', 'where' and 'when'. I met my wife in that bar. I bought a new car. How to use Relative Clauses in English, Examples. Very few people. You also cannot leave out the relative pronoun in non-defining relative clauses, in the way you sometimes can in defining relative clauses. Examples: The police arrested a man (who / that) Jill worked with. Commas and Relative Clauses. These are the flights that have been cancelled. The house which / that belongs to Julie is in London. Relative clauses are used to say which person or thing we are talking about, or give extra information. Again, the clause can come after the subject or the object of the sentence. Defining relative clauses are composed of a relative pronoun (sometimes omitted), a verb, and optional other elements such as the subject or object of the verb. Combine the two sentences using the second one as a relative clause. Try to use all possible relative pronouns (who, whom, which, that, in which, at which, when) or no relative pronouns. In the examples below, we have bracketed the adjective clauses. Relative clauses are used to link sentences in English, to strengthen the meaning of the sentences, or to present the sentences in a more aesthetic way to the reader. It is also called adjective clause because it defines a noun. Yesterday I called our friend Julie, who lives in New York. We can use 'that' for people or things. The caregiver who my grandpa liked lives in New Hampshire. There are two types of relative clauses: restrictive and nonrestrictive. One way to remember this is that nonrestrictive clauses are removable, and commas mark the removable part of the sentence. A relative clause can be used to give additional information about a noun (naming word). Positioning Relative Clauses"Unlike prepositional phrases, restrictive relative clauses . We went to the village (which / that) Lucy recommended. Notice that the relative clause follows the word that it describes. Loading... Save for later. There is a good film on the television tonight. 4. Clare, who I work with, is doing the London marathon this year Alice, who works in London , will be starting a teaching course in the autumn . Formation methods. Defining relative clauses. Relative clause at the end of the sentence or embedded in the sentence. Many times in informal English we remove the relative pronoun in a defining relative clause. Clare, who I work with, is doing the London marathon this year Alice, who works in London , will be starting a teaching course in the autumn The woman who is with the red dress asking me the address was very beautiful. It is sometimes called an “adjective clause” because it functions like an adjective—it gives more information about a noun. 2. To avoid writing a fragment, you must connect each relative clause to a main clause. Loading... Save for later. 3. → The little girl whose doll was lost is sad. A relative clause is a clause that usually modifies a noun or noun phrase and is introduced by a relative pronoun (which, that, who, whom, whose), a relative adverb (where, when, why), or a zero relative. What Are Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Adjective Clauses, Definition and Examples of Postmodifiers in English Grammar, How to Use Relative Pronouns in Adjective Clauses, Definition and Examples of Relativization in English, 100 Key Terms Used in the Study of Grammar, Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Adjective Clauses, Ph.D., Rhetoric and English, University of Georgia, M.A., Modern English and American Literature, University of Leicester, B.A., English, State University of New York. This resource is available to download with a Premium subscription. The woman who lives next door works in a bank. 2. There is a more detailed page about preposition The relative pronouns are: Relative pronoun as subject (in red): I like the person. Relative clauses are used to say which person or thing we are talking about, or give extra information. We use commas (,) to separate non-defining relative clauses from the rest of the sentence. Whose. Handouts to print, printable resources pdf. Types of Relative Clauses. The house belongs to me. The years when the "flower children" thrived were the 1960s. Created: Sep 19, 2012. Read the examples below. 30 Top Relative Clauses Year 5 Teaching Resources. 2. 3. In this sentence we understand that there are many dogs in the world, but we are only talking about the ones that like cats. A relative clause starts with a relative pronoun, has a subject and a verb, and tells us something about a noun (or a pronoun). It has a subject and verb, but can’t stand alone as a sentence. Last week I bought a new computer, which I don't like now. In this sentence we understand that there are many dogs in the world, but we are only talking about the ones that like cats. We bought a house which / that is 200 years old. The pants that I … Relative clauses can be nominative, accusative, dative or genitive. Read more. Here are some examples of relative clauses (in purple): We can remove the relative pronoun if it is the object, not subject of the relative clause. A relative clause is a clause that usually modifies a noun or noun phrase and is introduced by a relative pronoun ( which, that, who, whom, whose ), a relative adverb ( where, when, why ), or a zero relative. Different relative clauses are used for different purposes. Try an exercise where the relative pronoun is the object here, Try an exercise about defining relative clauses, both subject and object here, Try another exercise about defining relative clauses, both subject and object here. I have a new car. When is a time-relative pronoun¹ that joins a modifying clause. It comes after the noun defined by a basic sentence. Children to add a relative clause after the underlined noun using words which, where, who, whose. Relative clauses allow us to provide additional information without having to start a new sentence. Learn about defining and non-defining relative clause with Lingolia’s online grammar lesson. If the verb in the relative clause needs a preposition, we put it at the end of the clause: The music is good. It is important to distinguish between them because it affects the choice of pronoun used to introduce the clause. In this example, the relative pronoun is “which“. As the name suggests, defining relative clauses give essential information to define or identify the person or thing we are talking about. In non-defining relative clauses, you cannot replace other pronouns with that. "My dad bought a new car that is really fast." It is sometimes called an “adjective clause” because it functions like an adjective—it gives more information about a noun. We bought a mansion, which is 200 years old, for over a $10 million. Updated: Sep 25, 2014. docx, 22 KB. 8. Languages differ in many ways in how relative clauses are expressed: This example uses the relative pronoun 'that' and the relative clause is 'that is really fast'. Subject Explanations: Relative/Adjective Clauses Relative Pronouns Similar Exercises: Relative Pronouns Exercises 1 / 2 Relative Clauses Exercise. Object Relative Pronouns. The university (which / that) she likes is famous. Types of relative clauses. who, that, which, whose and whom) to introduce a defining relative clause (In the examples, the relative clause is in bold, and the person or thing being referred to is underlined. We can use 'who', 'which' or 'that'. 7 Example Sentences with Relative Clauses Whose, When, Where. The country is very hot. Here are some examples: We don't use 'that' in non-defining relative clauses, so we need to use 'which' if the pronoun refers to a thing, and 'who' if it refers to a person. A relative clause is a sentence describing a noun, however, it cannot be used separately. There are two broad types of relative clauses in English. More examples (clause after the subject of the … Relative clauses are typically introduced by relative pronouns, and that the relative pronoun can function as a possessive pronoun, an object, or a subject. Defining Relative Clauses. . She applied for the job. However, gapless relative clauses do occur in non-standard English. → The house whose roof is old belongs to me. Marie Curie is the woman that discovered radium. → The music (which / that) Julie listens to is good. Relative clauses provide details about the action specified in the preceding clause. These people, "She had plenty of acquaintances, but no friends. In the first example, it is important that Melissa is a sister, and it is desirable to qualify. → My brother met a woman (who / that) I used to work with. We put a relative clause immediately after the noun which refers to the person, thing, or group we are talking about. The family (that is) living in the next house comes from Slovenia. (Remember that a clause is simply a group of words containing a subject and a verb. The "flower children" thrived then. Examples. Free. We usually use a relative pronoun or adverb to start a defining relative clause: who, which, that, when, where or whose. Greater Depth Construct a sentence including an embedded relative clause using any relative pronoun. They may add meaning, but if they are removed, the sentence will still function grammatically. Preview and details Files included (1) ppt, 211 KB. Punctuation rule. Commas or parentheses are always used to separate non–defining relative clauses from the rest of the sentence. 1. Although it may seem a little scary and difficult for people who learn English, it is actually easy and fun. She needs to find someone who can rescue her from her mattress!. (See a list of all the exercises about relative clauses here.). → I bought a new car that is very fast. In this example, the relative pronoun is “which“. The defining relative clause gives us that Punctuation rule. Languages differ in many ways in how relative clauses are expressed: How the role of the shared noun phrase is indicated in the embedded clause. You also need to follow different tips for using each relative clause properly. There are two types of relative clauses: defining and non-defining. A relative clause is also known as an adjective clause. I study in the city. Info. 100 Defining and Non Defining Relative Clauses Examples Relative Clauses Relative Clauses are a structure used in English to combine two sentences with a connection between them. I congratulated. Many times in informal English we remove the relative pronoun in a defining relative clause. Combine the two sentences using the second one as a relative clause. Created: Sep 26, 2012. Relative Clause Examples. We can't drop the relative pronoun. John met a woman (who / that) I had been to school with. 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That costs £100 is over there left the Communist regime and arrived in the first example, the Cambridge of. Clauses and an interactive Exercise important that Melissa is a kind of clause.