The latter included many tropical Polynesian forms rendered in new materials such as moa bone and stone to replace pearlshell (Pinctada margaritifera), which will not grow outside of the tropics. 16, 177–196. 6, 361–375. Auckland: Auckland University Press. In the 19th and early 20th century traditionalist scholars such as S. Percy Smith (Smith 1904; Smith et al. In D. G. Sutton (Ed. 46, 207–218. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Moa were plentiful in New Zealand upon Polynesian arrival but were extinct within a century as a result of hunting and habitat loss (Anderson 1989a, b; Holdaway et al. Wilmshurst, J. M., & Higham, T. F. G. (2004). Factors influencing C-14 ages of the Pacific rat Rattus exulans. 37–49). Journal of World Prehistory, Vol. The results were interpreted as indicating commencement of occupation in the late 13th century AD. New York: American Museum of Natural History. Walls, J. Y. The prehistoric exploration and colonisation of the Pacific. ), Prehistoric long-distance interaction in Oceania: An interdisciplinary approach (pp. The original Polynesian settlers discovered the country on deliberate voyages of exploration, navigating by making use of prevailing winds and ocean currents, and observing the stars. Shipton, C., Weisler, M., Jacomb, C., Clarkson, C., & Walter, R. (2016). An important consideration for migrants is the availability of support services (Boyd 1989), and migrant communities frequently value and endeavour to maintain links to the homeland for this purpose. Other demographic and biological factors also lend support to a 14th century mass migration. Wellington: Victoria University Press. ), Anthropology in the South Seas (pp. The greatest achievements of Māori material culture were carving wood for important buildings and canoes, and fashioning stone and bone into tools and ornaments. The exploitation of Mayor Island obsidian in prehistoric New Zealand. Pacific Anthropological Records, 11. Despite taking it to other settlements, the Polynesians didn’t take the chicken to New Zealand. 2013, p. 6). 40, 601–613. For the last 50 years or so archaeologists have tended to regard migration as a theoretically questionable explanation for culture change (van Dommelen 2014). New Plymouth: The Polynesian Society. Kinaston, R. L., Walter, R., Jacomb, C., Brooks, E., Tayles, N., Halcrow, S. E., et al. The location appears bleak and windswept today, with poor soils and no fresh water, but for colonisers equipped with efficient coastal and offshore water craft its location had great economic and strategic advantage. Sources of stone known to have been used in the first half of the fourteenth century and which were moved in exchange networks over distances of hundreds to more than 2000 km. Commercial re-use may be allowed on request. Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, You can also search for this author in When the community appealed to the government it emphasized that ‘mass migration was not sought and that the life history and capabilities of every 19, 135–155. 2011). 17, 37–43. New Zealand myth: Kupe, Toi and the ‘Fleet’. There is already some evidence, however, that the colonists were recruited from a wide area, a networked community, and were motivated by factors beyond immediate kin needs and aspirations. 2010), and Wairau Bar may well have been a centre for their manufacture and export. For most of the time Māori lived not in fortified pā but in unprotected settlements or seasonal camps. 55, 1889–1903. Polynesian culture, the beliefs and practices of the indigenous peoples of the ethnogeographic group of Pacific islands known as Polynesia, which encompasses a huge triangular area of the east-central Pacific Ocean. doi:10.1073/pnas.1209896109. For the purposes of this paper, however, we define a colonisation phase as a period approximately congruent with the 14th century AD, during which migrants from tropical East Polynesia and two or three generations of their descendants established a stable and self-reliant colony in New Zealand. To an archaeological proof of migration ’ that make it difficult to resolve sites into a tight chronological.. These migrants were the ancestors of New Zealand must have been heading for slow extinction after settlement... Eastern Polynesia based assessment of the Maori: some 19th century exercises in scientific method the United of. 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