Descriptive research is often used to provide a snapshot of a population or phenomenon. It is where the conceptual phase of the research, such as thestatement of the problem,meets theoperational phase, such as the method and instruments of the investigation. Given the strikingly similar results we find in each of our studies, we are confident that our results are not a statistical artifact due to the relatively small number of African Americans in any one sample. Scholarship evaluating the substantive benefits of Latino representation has produced conflicting results. It conforms to what the rest of the world is doing. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. Mansbridge, J. It can help researchers understand the current state of affairs and provide a foundation for further research. Naturalistic observation is valuable technique utilised as research method which are commonly employed by psychologist and social scientist. Like all different types of research, descriptive research has both advantages and disadvantages. So it can be said that fundamentally numerical values are obtained. 17 Pivotal Hydroelectricity Pros and Cons, 18 Major Advantages and Disadvantages of the Payback Period, 20 Advantages and Disadvantages of Leasing a Car, 19 Advantages and Disadvantages of Debt Financing, 24 Key Advantages and Disadvantages of a C Corporation, 16 Biggest Advantages and Disadvantages of Mediation, 18 Advantages and Disadvantages of a Gated Community, 17 Big Advantages and Disadvantages of Focus Groups, 17 Key Advantages and Disadvantages of Corporate Bonds, 19 Major Advantages and Disadvantages of Annuities, 17 Biggest Advantages and Disadvantages of Advertising. How Do People React When They Encounter Problems While Voting? Naturalistic observation also gives the observers little to no control which gives the observer pure, non-corrupted data. It is easier to make decisions and go further for data analysis. Within election administration, a diverse population of poll workers serves as a means to facilitate confidence in elections and the legitimacy of election outcomes. To save this article to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. pros and cons of descriptive representation - maxidress.store It provides a system of true representation. Farmer's Empowerment through knowledge management. For example, research studying the morphology and mechanism of action of SARS-CoV-2 is descriptive. Descriptive representation describes the extent to which public officials reflect the demographic composition of the constituents that they serve. Established in 1939 and published for the Southern Political Science Association, The Journal of Politics is a leading general-interest journal of political science and the oldest regional political science journal in the United States. PDF The Symbolic Bene ts of Descriptive and Substantive Representation It can create political gridlock, just like in any other system of government. Of particular importance is whether substantive or descriptive representation are necessary to create symbolic representation and perceptions that government outcomes are fair and legitimate. Request Permissions, Published By: The University of Chicago Press. March 7 Bridgett Kingis an associate professor and Director of the Master of Public Administration Program at Auburn University. Instead we express these parameters as a range of potential numbers, along with a degree of confidence. Some of the most important are listed below. It does not provide direct representation to specific communities. By analyzing data, researchers can identify trends that may not have been apparent otherwise. Lawless, J. L. (2004). Schwindt-Bayer, L. A., & Mishler, W. (2005). 3. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. An analysis of given workloads in the event of medication errors in nursing was conducted by an exploratory-descriptive study with a quantitative approach. In this paper, we employ a novel experimental design to investigate how citizens feel about the relative importance of descriptive and substantive representation. It makes things easier for extreme parties to gain representation. Apr 10, 2015. For example, those living in diverse communities might find 5 black representatives too low, whereas those living in homogeneous white communities might find 5 black representatives too high. Pros 1. While it has its pros and cons, it can be particularly useful in identifying trends or patterns. Problems of Descriptive Representation in Dutch Works Councils - DeepDyve Higher levels of education were associated with higher perceptions of fairness. That means the representatives are required to build consensus through compromise, which results in moderate, centrist policies instead of sliding to the left or the right. pros and cons of descriptive representation Naturalistic observation also provides a lot of raw data which can allow us to learn more about the human psyche. Effects Of Grading System On Students: Pros And Cons Democratic theorists have long been concerned with the proper form of representation in modern governance. This is an increasing trend since the previous Congress had three states which had, Further, immigrants also form part of Congress who totals. The concept of representation. descriptive representation pros and cons proceedings of the international conference on learning representations. Individuals who work in Psychology use three different methods to observe people called controlled, natural, and participant observation. Should Blacks Represent Blacks and Women Represent Women? A - Studylib both the seat in the House of Representative and the Senate (Geiger et al). They can determine results and guarantee their accuracy by manipulating and isolating certain variables, removing those that are extraneous and unwanted. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Naturalistic observation is around us and can used by the ordinary person to a psychologist in extensive research. In addition to the important administrative role that they play, poll workers also contribute to the way voters view elections and their outcomes. Some of the pros of grades include: Standardization and universally recognized: In virtually any corner of the globe, people will understand what an A, B, C, D, or F letter grade stands for. Descriptive Naming: What Are Descriptive Brand Names? Additionally, it is possible to make future forecasts, although they are considered premature or basic. volume39,pages 3150 (2017)Cite this article. In a proportional representation system, if the party wins 50% of the vote over 12 districts, then 6 seats would be awarded to them from the election results. These descriptive representations reflect the usage characteristics of the end product, what the owner (s) are going to do with the end product, or how they will use it once they get it in their possession. This form of research provides insight on human nature, we are able to understand basic psychological processes from this. pros and cons of descriptive representation - kvkraigad.org Princeton: Princeton University Press. During the fall 2022 semester, students across Harvard University examined women's education as both a preventative tool and as a perpetrator of conflict in a course taught by Rangita de Silva de Alwis, HKS Adjunct Professor of Public Policy. pros and cons of descriptive representation - ircmar.org These respondents were excluded from analysis. The article focuses on descriptive representation, which is a fundamental theoretical concept underpinning the introduction of gender quotas. As long as a party receives enough of a proportional vote to equal one seat, they will be represented within the government at some level. Matthew Hayes. It allows different voices to be heard. descriptive representation pros and cons - knewlogistics.com Having more voices can be a good thing, but it can also create a discord that makes it impossible to government. Disadvantaged groups gain advantages from descriptive representation in at least four contexts. Part of Springer Nature. Book In her classic work The Concept of Representation, Hanna Pitkin establishes four aspects of representation: formalistic, substantive, descriptive, and symbolic (Pitkin 1967).. Scholars normally define substantive representation as having one's policy views expressed by an elected . Political Behavior Abney, F. G., & Hutcheson, J. D. (1981). 1:15 pm 4612. As I write, descriptive representation by gender improves substantive outcomes for women in every polity for which we have a measure. Probability of very confident evaluation of ballot accuracy. Comparative Political Studies, 0010414012463884. A: MMP or mixed-member proportional representation is a political system used in places like New Zealand and Germany, where voters cast a two-part ballot, selecting both a preferred local. The Gender and Conflict initiative unites faculty, students, and researchers at Harvard Kennedy School and beyond to study gender in non-violent and violent social movements and the social and institutional factors influencing the prevalence of gender-based violence. It makes things easier for extreme parties to gain representation. Descriptive research is a great way to get a snapshot of a situation. We honor this tradition and work toward a gender equity agenda that addresses the needs of all women, including Indigenous women and Indigenous communities. (2011) and Berinsky etal. In political theory, descriptive representation as a corrective to structural asymmetries within society is usually debated against the background of formal political institutions. [Solved] pros/cons of descriptive measures | Course Hero . Bridgett King recently presented a paper at the 2018 annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association entitled, Descriptive Representation in Election Administration: Poll Workers and Voter Confidence. Here, Professor King summarizes her analysis from that paper. 5. In most cases, it is simply impossible to measure the entire population to understand its properties. Today, the Journals Division publishes more than 70 journals and hardcover serials, in a wide range of academic disciplines, including the social sciences, the humanities, education, the biological and medical sciences, and the physical sciences. (2010). June 9, 2022 Posted by is bristol, ct a good place to live; Descriptive Representation In The United States - 461 Words | Bartleby https://www.linkedin.com/company/wappphks/, https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCII4gHJhDfpGjlojaME1bHQ, https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/women-and-public-policy-program-seminar-s. An integrated model of womens representation. Watch the livestream here: https://t.co/JVFHDCOYJv, Many of us look at conflict as something wed rather avoid than engage in confidently. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Political power and womens representation in Latin America. The aim is to show that the moral . Horizontal Communication Problems of Descriptive Representation in Dutch Works Councils that: The most affecting descriptive writing results from an author's providing not a linguistic blueprint of a library but the raw material (the air tinged with the scent of old pages, the shafts of dusty light through the window slats, the whispers, like trickling water, of the librarians behind the oval reference desk) from which the reader can erect her own library. Constituency, party, and representation in Congress. As its name says, this way of investigating describes, it does not explain. The brevity by which descriptive investigations are carried out means that their costs are not high, compared to other types of investigations. In this article, we will explore the benefits and limitations of descriptive research and when it is the most appropriate research method to use. Gerrymandering. The figure below presents the difference in the likelihood of a voter believing that their ballot, ballots locally, and ballots across the state are counted accurately with and without the presence of descriptive representation. Behind the mule: Race and class in African-American politics. However, the disadvantages of descriptive research include that it can be limiting, cannot identify cause and effect, and may be biased. The two types of designs used in descriptive research are described below: In cross-sectional designs, the variables are not affected by any type of process, which is why they only dedicate themselves to observing the event as it happens, limiting themselves only to analyzing them. In the administration of elections, poll workers serve as the face of elections and are the street level bureaucrats that voters interact with most. The Costs and Benefits of Descriptive Representation: Women's Quotas That creates a system of government that tends to be indecisive and weak because everyone argues for their own best interests. They allow to formulate hypotheses, as well as provide a large amount of valuable data for the development of future investigations. (1993). (2012). Critical Mass and Women's Substantive Representation Women's descriptive representation and the literature that addresses the means by which more women might be elected to national office involve, at face value, number-based models. Explore a selection of resources that raise the visibility of transgender people and address issues members of the community face. Under the system of proportional representation, any party with a high enough percentage of the vote will receive a seat in the government. 50 Intense Pros and Cons of Dropping the Atomic Bomb, 20 Intriguing Pros and Cons of Becoming a State National, Pros And Cons Of Higher Education For Police Officers. Many communities under this system can come away feeling like they dont matter to the governing coalition. What is procedural justice-criteria used by citizens to assess the fairness of legal procedures. In addition, it allows obtaining data, or information, of the quantitative or qualitative type: Using the case study it is possible to carry out a slightly more detailed analysis of the event, as well as to study in detail groups or subjects separately. descriptive representation pros and cons - solanoverdewater.com Page, B. I., Shapiro, R. Y., Gronke, P. W., & Rosenberg, R. M. (1984). nebraska softball roster; jacksonville, fl hurricane risk; 79 John F. Kennedy Street Advantages and Disadvantages of Graphical Representation of Data Current issues are now on the Chicago Journals website. The effect of black voters interacting with a black poll worker when compared to a non-black poll worker increases the probability of being very confident in ballot accuracy from a range of 8 to 10 percentage points. In the profession of Psychology, watching people, animals, possessions in an environment are called observation. WAPPP has compiled resources from across Harvard University on what the historic ruling means for reproductive rights and other protected civil liberties. This is different than a direct system of representation, where each seat is put up to a vote for a specific candidate, regardless of what party to which they associate. The Gender and Politics initiative aims to advance research on representative democracy and equitable participation in governments across the globe. Descriptive Representation: Understanding the Impact of Identity on Just 5 countries in the world today use a system that is based on plurality voting. It encourages a coalition government. Miller, W. E., & Stokes, D. E. (1963). Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research. consumed. An experimental comparison study in which participants are allocated to treatment/intervention or control/placebo groups using a random mechanism (see randomisation). Using observation, qualitative data can be collected on the habits of supermarket customers regarding the purchases they make in it. 2-3:30 pm Patterns and correlations are clear and visible: Statistical data is data that has already been analyzed and therefore the patterns and correlations have already been done and are clear and visible. Black faces in the mirror: African Americans and their representatives in the US Congress. The scholarship published in The Journal of Politics is theoretically innovative and methodologically diverse, and comprises a blend of the various intellectual approaches that make up the discipline. Researchers surely appreciate the ease of which they are able to problem solve, collect data and share the results of their, Neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development. The most prevalent number-based scholarship linking women's descriptive and substantive political repre Solano Verde Water District. This type of research is often used in the social sciences, but can be used in other disciplines as well. (2010). One of the oldest forms of naming, descriptive titles are logical, functional, and utilitarian. Under the system of proportional representation, any party with a high enough percentage of the vote will receive a seat in the government. tees, and voters weigh the pros and cons of descriptive representation, this analysis argues for attention to the specific historical contexts that make descrip- . Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. In a PR system, the congressional districts are much bigger, voters focus more on. The data from a descriptive research project can be collected from one person or a small group of people. Descriptive Representation - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Successfully determining who wins and loses in an election involves aseries of systemsthat, while operating simultaneously, function independent of each other. To obtain quantitative information, statistical and numerical study methodologies are used, where information about values such as weight, scale and years, among others, is obtained. Instead, descriptive representation is the extent to which a representative or legislative body resembles a given constituent and her social or demographic identities. In the following paragraphs, I will describe the behavior I wished to observe in my chosen laboratory, the results that I obtained, and I will have provided a detailed explanation of my observation method used. It enables both the collection of quantitative data and qualitative data. Instead, proper representation for some is rooted in the racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, gender, and sexual identity of the representatives themselves. First, the effects of a politician's race is likely to When black constituents have black representatives in the U.S. House of Representatives, theyrate their representativeshigher than blacks with white representatives. The Pros and Cons of Writing Description - Helping Writers Become Authors Proportional representation, sometimes called simply PR, is defined as an electoral system in which parties gain seats in proportion to the number of votes cast for them.. 2. On the other hand, to obtain qualitative information, the type of data obtained does not have to do with numbers or.