[9] The positioning of the eyes, mounted on the sides of the shark's distinctive hammer head, allows 360° of vision in the vertical plane, meaning the animals can see above and below them at all times. Great whites are among the most dangerous sharks. These sharks are widely distributed in tropical and temperate marine waters near the coasts and above the continental shelves. Other dangerous sharks include the bull shark, the Mako shark, the Tiger shark and the Hammerhead shark. The unusual structure of its vertebrae, though, has been found to be instrumental in making the turns correctly, more often than the shape of its head, though it would also shift and provide lift. [29], The relatively small bonnethead is regular at public aquariums, as it has proven easier to keep in captivity than the larger hammerhead species,[30][31] and it has been bred at a handful of facilities. [16] In addition to the typical animal prey, bonnetheads have been found to feed on seagrass, which sometimes makes up as much as half their stomach contents. National Geographic explains that hammerheads can be found in warm tropical waters, but during the summer, they participate in a mass migration to search for cooler waters. Hammerhead Shark Some of these schools can be found near Malpelo Island in Colombia, the Galápagos Islands in Ecuador, Cocos Island off Costa Rica, near Molokai in Hawaii, and off southern and eastern Africa. In native Hawaiian culture, sharks are considered to be gods of the sea, protectors of humans, and cleaners of excessive ocean life.
[7], Using mitochondrial DNA, a phylogenetic tree of the hammerhead sharks showed the winghead shark as its most basal member. [34] Great hammerheads have been kept at a few facilities in North America, including Atlantis Paradise Island Resort (Bahamas), Adventure Aquarium (New Jersey), Georgia Aquarium (Atlanta), Mote Marine Laboratory (Florida), and the Shark Reef at Mandalay Bay (Las Vegas). Most hammerhead species are fairly small and are considered harmless to humans. [1], The hammer-like shape of the head may have evolved at least in part to enhance the animal's vision. The The hammerhead shark, also known as mano kihikihi, is not considered a man-eater or niuhi; it is considered to be one of the most respected sharks of the ocean, an aumakua. [13], Reproduction occurs only once a year for hammerhead sharks, and usually occurs with the male shark biting the female shark violently until she agrees to mate with him. respectively. Found worldwide in tropical waters near coastlines, the great hammerhead can be sighted near beaches and is considered a potentially dangerous shark to humans. Their heads have lateral projections that give them a hammer-like shape. The reproductive cycle for these sharks is about 1 year. – Bonnethead Shark", "The Bonnethead Shark Sphyrna tiburo: Is it Suitable for Home Aquariums? One group of sensory organs is the ampullae of Lorenzini, which allows sharks to detect, among other things, the electrical fields created by prey animals. [6], Since sharks do not have mineralized bones and rarely fossilize, only their teeth are commonly found as fossils. Many Hawaiian families believe that they have an aumakua watching over them and protecting them from the niuhi. Sharks and many other fish (both bony and cartilagenous like sharks) can have delayed fertilization. Hawaiian children who are born with the hammerhead shark as an animal sign are believed to be warriors and are meant to sail the oceans. They are gray-brown to olive-green on top with off-white undersides, and they have heavily serrated, triangular teeth. [38], Among Torres Strait Islanders, the hammerhead shark, known as the beizam, is a common family totem and often represented in cultural artefacts such as the elaborate headdresses worn for ceremonial dances, known as dhari or dari. The hammerheads seem closely related to the carcharhinid sharks that evolved during the mid-Tertiary period. In the evening, like other sharks, they become solitary hunters. This family belongs to the order Carcharhiniformes and has two genera: Eusphyra and Sphyrna, the first with one species and the latter with the remaining nine.All hammerhead sharks are easily recognized by the unique and striking head they have, which is the origin of their name in English (Hammerhead shark). Shark fins are prized as a delicacy in certain countries in Asia (such as China), and overfishing is putting many hammerhead sharks at risk of extinction. Pictured Joshua Jorgensen ( middle) and Australian pro-golfer Greg Norman (right) with the shark It … Hey, not all sharks are mean and The smooth hammerhead shark is one of the larger hammerhead species, reaching average lengths of 8 to 11.5 feet (2.5 to 3.5 m) and a maximum length 16.4 feet (5 m) and weight of 880 pounds (400 kg). They do not actively seek out human prey, but are very defensive and will attack when provoked. The pores on the shark's head lead to sensory tubes, which detect electric fields generated by other living creatures. Their wide-set eyes give them a better visual range than most other sharks. They are also known to form schools during the day, sometimes in groups over 100. [31], In March 2013, three endangered, commercially valuable sharks, the hammerheads, the oceanic whitetip, and porbeagle, were added to Appendix II of CITES, bringing shark fishing and commerce of these species under licensing and regulation. The Greek word sphyrna translates into "hammer" in English, referring to the shape of this shark's head. The hammerhead shark (Sphyrna, Eusphyra). The great and the scalloped hammerheads are listed on the World Conservation Union's (IUCN) 2008 Red List as endangered, whereas the smalleye hammerhead is listed as vulnerable. Hammerhead sharks rarely pass through the waters of Maui, but many Maui natives believe that their swimming by is a sign that the gods are watching over the families, and the oceans are clean and balanced. Razer Hammerhead Pro V2 INLINE REMOTE Frequency Response: 20 Hz – 20 KHz Impedance: 32 Ω ± 15% Sensitivity (@1 kHz): 102 ± 3 dB at 1 kHz max Input Power: 5 mW max Drivers: 10 mm, with Neodymium magnets Connector: 3.5 mm, angled gold Adult great hammerheads can be distinguished from the scalloped hammerhead and the smooth hammerhead by the shape of the cephalofoil, which has a nearly straight front margin (as opposed to arched), with prominent medial and lateral indentations. The great hammerhead shark is the largest of all hammerhead species, reaching a maximum known length of 20 feet (6.1 m) 1 and weight of 991 pounds (450 kg). According to DNA studies, the ancestor of the hammerheads probably lived in the Miocene epoch about 20 million years ago. Though many sharks are solitary creatures, scalloped hammerheads—which can reach lengths of 10 to 12 feet and can weigh in at 300 pounds or more—form schools. Photograph by Craig O'Connell, Nat Geo Image Collection, WATCH: World's Deadliest—Hammerhead Sharks, https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/fish/group/hammerhead-sharks.html. I’m popping in today with a fun little project: a hammerhead shark! Some of these sharks are believed to be family members who died and have been reincarnated into shark form, but others are considered man-eaters, also known as niuhi. It can grow up to 20 feet in length and weigh up to 1,000 pounds, although smaller sizes are more common. [31] They are particularly vulnerable during transport between facilities, may rub on surfaces in tanks, and may collide with rocks, causing injuries to their heads, so they require very large, specially adapted tanks. And by spreading their highly specialized sensory organs over their wide, mallet-shaped head, they can more thoroughly scan the ocean for food. A hammerhead shark is any of the ten species that make up the Sphyrnidae family. No human fatalities have been recorded.[27]. While overall similar, this shape differs somewhat between species; e.g., a distinct T-shape in the great hammerhead, a rounded head with a central notch in the scalloped hammerhead, and an unnotched rounded head in the smooth hammerhead. The great hammerhead is the largest of the nine identified species of this shark. There are 9 different species of hammerhead sharks, and all of them have odd shaped heads that look like flattened hammers – hence their name. Hi, everyone! ", "Husbandry of scalloped hammerhead sharks Sphyrna lewini (Griffith & Smith, 1834) at Reef HQ Aquarium, Townsville, Australia", "Indigenous knowledge and cultural values of hammerhead sharks in Northern Australia", "Electroreception in juvenile scalloped hammerhead and sandbar sharks", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hammerhead_shark&oldid=1004855857, Wikipedia pending changes protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. These baby sharks huddle together and swim toward warmer water until they are old enough and large enough to survive on their own. (2011). Hammerhead shark facts! What is Hammerhead Shark The length of the species ranges from 0.9 to 6.0 m in length and weight from 3 to 580 kg. Adult sharks can reach a length of 10-15 feet in length and a weight of 300-500 pounds. Their unique heads are used as a weapon when hunting down prey. [31] The scalloped hammerhead is the most frequently maintained large species, and it has been kept long term at public aquaria in most continents, but primarily in North America, Europe, and Asia. The status given to these sharks is as a result of overfishing and demand for their fins, an expensive delicacy. The streamlined body of the great hammerhead with the expanded cephalofoil is typical of the hammerhead sharks. There are 9 species of hammerhead sharks, ranging in size from about 3 feet (0.9 m) long to over 20 feet (6 m). The heaviest recorded weighed 580 kg (1,279 lb.). [5], Hammerheads have disproportionately small mouths compared to other shark species. © 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, © 2015- Drowning is 1,000 times more likely. This shark's distinctive head is designed for greater agility and panoramic vision, making the hammerhead a hunter to be reckoned with. [28] This practice, known as finning, is lethal to the shark. Length-Weight and Curved Fork-Total Length Relationships More Information Shark Research in the Northeast Narragansett Laboratory Directory Narragansett Lab Current Research and Features To Convert a Curved Fork Length (inches) to a Whole Weight The young swim mostly in shallow waters along shores all over the world to avoid predators. Their extra-tall, pointed dorsal fins are easily identifiable. Next week is Shark Week! Their bellies are white, which allows them to blend into the background when viewed from below, and sneak up on their prey. This page was last edited on 4 February 2021, at 19:02. Fishermen who harvest the animals typically cut off the fins and toss the remainder of the fish, which is often still alive, back into the sea. The hammerhead sharks are a group of sharks that form the family Sphyrnidae, so named for the unusual and distinctive structure of their heads, which are flattened and laterally extended into a "hammer" shape called a cephalofoil. While overall similar, this shape differs somewhat between species; e.g., a distinct T-shape in the great hammerhead, a rounded head wi… Usually, a litter consists of 12 to 15 pups, except for the great hammerhead, which gives birth to litters of 20 to 40 pups. Quick facts about this uniquely shaped elasmobranch! Originally known as Zygaena lewini, its genus name was later changed to its current name. ~ Fun Fact ~ A great The hammerhead shark uses its head to pin down stingrays and eats the ray when the ray is weak and in shock. [33] The larger hammerhead species can reach more than twice that size and are considered difficult, even compared to most other similar-sized sharks (such as Carcharhinus species, lemon shark, and sand tiger shark) regularly kept by public aquariums. [citation needed], The known species range from 0.9 to 6.0 m (2 ft 11 in to 19 ft 8 in) in length and weigh from 3 to 580 kg (6.6 to 1,278.7 lb). Hammerhead Shark Reproduction: A litter size can r ange from 6 to 50 pups at a time. As the winghead shark has proportionately the largest "hammer" of the hammerhead sharks, this suggests that the first ancestral hammerhead sharks also had large hammers. It is very rare to find Hammerhead Sharks in the deep ocean, as they prefer to be in warm waters, on coastlines and continental shelves. Found in temperate and tropical waters worldwide, far offshore and near shorelines, hammerheads are often seen in mass summer migrations seeking cooler water. … Hammerhead Shark Distribution, Population, and Habitat These unique sharks live along the coastline and the continental plates. All rights reserved. Source: wikimedia.org This big fish is often nicknamed the Cow Shark and is the largest of all the hexanchoid sharks or “primitive sharks” which retain builds similar to those found in fossils from the Triassic period.The Bluntnose Sixgill is a nocturnal ambush hunter, and is generally very little threat to humans due to its preference for deep waters. [14] The great hammerhead, tending to be larger and more aggressive than most hammerheads, occasionally engages in cannibalism, eating other hammerhead sharks, including its own young. It can grow up to 20 feet in length and weigh up to 1,000 pounds, although smaller sizes are more common. They are usually light gray and have a greenish tint. They have the white belly when views from the bottom. The lifespan of a great These sharks are often found swimming along the bottom of the ocean, stalking their prey. When the supply of yolk is exhausted, the depleted yolk sac transforms into a structure analogous to a mammalian placenta (called a "yolk sac placenta" or "pseudoplacenta"), through which the mother delivers sustenance until birth. They are associated with law and order. Exploring the Hammerhead Shark Habitat Map When looking at the above Hammerhead Shark Habitat Map, take a minute to notice how closely they stay to land. Like many oceanic species, they have countershading coloration to help them blend in. [15], Hammerhead sharks eat a large range of prey such as fish (including other sharks), squid, octopus, and crustaceans. [4] Their heads have lateral projections that give them a hammer-like shape. Their bellies are white, which allows them to blend into the background when viewed from below, and sneak up on their prey. [39] Renowned artist Ken Thaiday Snr is known for his representations of beizam in his sculptural dari and other works. They are grayish in color, and sometimes have a green tint. This was the first shark known to do this. Like other sharks, fertilization is internal, with the male transferring sperm to the female through one of two intromittent organs called claspers. The average length and weight of a great hammerhead shark are 3.5 m (11 ft.) and 230 kg (510 lb.) [2][3] They are usually light gray and have a greenish tint. The width of the cephalofoil is 23–27% of the body length. Thousands of new, high-quality pictures added every day. Hammerhead shark, any of 10 shark species belonging to the genera Sphyrna (9 species) and Eusphyrna (1 species), characterized by a flattened hammer- or shovel-shaped head, or cephalofoil. The most popular species are the great h… The great hammerhead shark is the largest of all nine hammerhead species. [7], Using mitochondrial DNA, a phylogenetic tree of the hammerhead sharks showed the winghead shark as its most basal member. Many, but not necessarily mutually exclusive, functions have been postulated for the cephalofoil, including sensory reception, manoeuvering, and prey manipulation. [8] These sharks include great white sharks, tiger sharks, and bull sharks. The winghead shark (Eusphyra blochii) is a species of hammerhead shark, and part of the family Sphyrnidae. 2 The species is distinguished from other hammerheads by its nearly straight hammer-shaped head (cephalofoil) that has a prominent indentation in the middle. The second-largest hammerhead next to the great hammerhead, the smooth hammerhead typically measures 2.5–3.5 m (8.2–11.5 ft) long, with a maximum recorded length and weight of 5 m (16 ft) and 400 kg (880 lb) respectively. They may swallow it unintentionally, but they are able to partially digest it. 1. Reaching a length of 1.9 m (6.2 ft), this small brown to gray shark has a slender body with a tall, sickle-shaped first dorsal fin. The longest recorded great hammerhead shark was 6.1 m (20 ft.) in length. The developing embryos are at first sustained by a yolk sac. This is the only known case of a potentially omnivorous species of shark. They have the color of light grey and have a greenish tint. The great hammerhead is the largest of the nine identified species of this shark. [37] Smooth hammerheads have also been kept in the past. These large sharks average about over 500 pounds (230 kg) but can weigh as much as 1,000 pounds (450 kg). Hammerhead Shark Lifespan: These sharks have a lifespan of 20 to 30 years. Description of the Hammerhead Shark Most species of hammerhead sharks have similar shapes and colorations. Hammerheads are aggressive hunters, feeding on smaller fish, octopuses, squid, and crustaceans. So I thought a friendly little shark pal would be the perfect make this week. And you know I love a good theme project! Most hammerhead species are placed in the genus Sphyrna, while the winghead shark is placed in its own genus, Eusphyra. This status review report is comprised of two components: (1) the “Status Review” of the species, a document that compiles the best available information on the status of the great hammerhead shark as required by the ESA, and (2 great hammerhead shark. The hammerhead's increased ampullae sensitivity allows it to find its favorite meal, stingrays, which usually bury themselves under the sand. The hammerhead shark is thought to be the birth animal of some children. [17], According to the International Shark Attack File, humans have been subjects of 17 documented, unprovoked attacks by hammerhead sharks within the genus Sphyrna since 1580 AD. The largest reported was 20 feet (6 m) long. Among others, scientists expressed their concern about the plight of the scalloped hammerhead at the American Association for the Advancement of Science annual meeting in Boston. Like all sharks, hammerheads have electroreceptory sensory pores called ampullae of Lorenzini. Hammerheads are found worldwide in warmer waters along coastlines and continental shelves. [40][41], "Record Hammerhead Pregnant With 55 Pups", "Marine Species ID: Great Hammerhead vs. Scalloped and Smooth Hammerhead", "Hammerhead shark study shows cascade of evolution affected size, head shape", "Enhanced visual fields in hammerhead sharks", "This Shark Eats Grass, and No One Knows Why", "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Eusphyra blochii", "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Sphyrna corona", "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Sphyrna lewini", 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T60201A12317805.en, "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Sphyrna mokarran", "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Sphyrna tiburo", "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Sphyrna tudes", "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Sphyrna zygaena", "Statistics on Attacking Species of Shark", "Panamanian officials find half ton of shark fins", Sharks Highly respected in Hawaiian Culture, "Babies Of The S.E.A. Are mean and great hammerhead 's enormous size and fierceness make it dangerous. 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