Below is the article summary. First amphibious invasion ever. One of the most recognized figures in 20th century art, he is best known as the co-founder, along with Georges Braque, of cubism. The Ardennes attack was planned in total secrecy in almost total radio silence. In this In 1936 the Spanish Civil War began. Cornell Notes Topic / Objective: Name: Jack Andrew Joa The Spanish Civil War Class: Chapter 23.4 Notes Period: Date: Essential Question: The Spanish Civil War Chapter 23.4 Notes Questions: Notes: Spain: World War I: Neutral. Their blanket bombing on April 26, 1937 of the Basque town of Guernica was a tragedy not only for the Basques, but for the whole world., now introduced to a new tactic the deliberate bombing of unwarned civilians. international treaty "providing for the renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy." The Young Turks in the Ottoman Empire began the Turkish Revolution of 1908-09. the killing of approximately six million European Jews during World War II, as part of a program of deliberate extermination planned and executed by the Nazi regime in Germany led by Adolf Hitler. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. By March 28 all of the Republican armies had begun to disband and surrender, and Nationalist forces entered Madrid on that day. a document that is an attempt to control king (Charles I) included: -no taxes unless approved by Parliament -no forced loans, no martial law in peacetime, no imprisonment without trial, no quartering of soldiers -KING NOT ABOVE LAW Charles agreed to the petition only because he needed the money lead up to Civil War was a Russian painter, printmaker and art theorist. a German SS officer and a physician in the Nazi concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau. Moltke, however, gave too-vague orders to the troops on the French front, resulting in a retreat. A succession of governmental crises culminated in the elections of February 16, 1936, which brought to power a Popular Front government supported by most of the parties of the left and opposed by the parties of the right and what remained of the centre. extent as the Republicans. The The painting is full of energy but there is no color and its monochrome, nighttime palette is bleak and disorientating. Politically, their differences often found extreme and vehement expression in parties such as the Fascist-oriented Falange and the militant anarchists. Nationalists suffered from incompetent junior officers, but not to the same SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. for a group? These treaties preserved peace during the 1920s but are also credited with enabling the rise of the Japanese Empire as a naval power leading up to World War II. government fell prey to corruption and faction, and support and organization "Monty", was a British Army officer. In response to this loss of good will, France shifted its policy and began to accept the fact that Germany was once again going to be a major player in central European politics. Following the end of the Spanish civil war in 1939, the bodies of 1,700 Republicans -soldiers, civilians, people caught in the wrong place at the wrong time - were carted through the centre. Spanish civil war In 1936 a rebellion erupted in Spain after a coalition of Republicans, Socialists, and Communists was elected. instructors. He, who led the country through the last few months of World War II, is best known for making the controversial decision to use two atomic bombs against Japan in August 1945. Chamberlain is perhaps the most ill-regarded British Prime Minister of the 20th century in the popular mind internationally, because of his policy of appeasement towards Nazi Germany, a leader of the Czechoslovak independence movement and the second President of Czechoslovakia. a novel by Franz Kafka about a character named Josef K., who awakens one morning and, for reasons never revealed, is arrested and subjected to the rigours of the judicial process for an unspecified crime. A dreadnought is a battleship designed but the British at first to maintain their powerful navy over the rest of Europe. He predicted an iron curtain that would separate Communist Europe from the rest of the West. Discount, Discount Code This war was begun when Italy declared war on Turkey and conquered Tripoli and the Dodecanese Islands. Associated with the phrase "God, death, what is higher.". This was the government in France established after World War Two; they refused to have a strong presidency. In the 1890s it was used by the Gaelic League, which advocates the revival of the Irish language. creating and saving your own notes as you read. Ap Euro Dbq. Stalins Soviet Union fed the Loyalists supplies and armaments, for which it required payment in full, and in gold. aircraft and Soviet military advisors. The strongly nationalistic PM of France during WWI, who helped negotiate the Treaty of Versailles. This man led the Fascists, fighting republican forces. (2002) Compare and contrast the religious policies of TWO of the following: Elizabeth I of England Catherine de Medicis of France Isabella I of Spain The English Civil War . During the interwar period, Woolf was a significant figure in London literary society and a member of the Bloomsbury Group. Co-owner of one of the Irish Press Newspapers, he served in public office from 1917 to 1973, holding the various Irish prime ministerial and presidential offices. For each of the following sentences, tell whether the italicized word or word group functions as an adjective or an adverb. An elected center-left government faced a military revolt that eventually resulted in the creation of an authoritarian regime. One major difference setting the Nationalists apart from the Republicans was Germany and Italy intervened in the long, complicated Spanish Civil War, where their support eventually helped General Francisco Franco's fascist movement defeat republican Spain (Spain's only official aid came from the U.S.S.R) . Still the democracies did not act, and would not do so until they were forced to go to war once again, war total and world-wide. When an initial military coup failed to win control of the entire country, a bloody civil war ensued, fought with great ferocity on both sides. His painterly skills are often attributed to the influence of Renaissance masters, French intellectual, novelist, essayist and critic, best known as the author of In Search of Lost Time (in French la recherche du temps perdu, also translated as Remembrance of Things Past), a monumental work of twentieth-century fiction consisting of seven volumes published from 1913 to 1927, a semi-autobiographical novel in seven volumes by Marcel Proust. The city had endured a siege of nearly two-and-a-half years, and its residents were in no condition to resist. Triple Entente The Triple Entente refers to the unofficial alliance between England, France, and Russia, created to counter the alliance Triple Alliance. adjective. lasted nine days, from 3 May 1926 to 12 May 1926. a 20th century garde art movement that revolutionized European painting and sculpture, and inspired related movements in music and literature. Updates? The efficient Franco a soldier rather than a fascist, but in league with fascism none the less made steady progress. The revolt quickly became a civil war. The Congress of Berlin was brought together by Bismarck end the Russo-Turkish War and to prevent an entire European war. The Paris Fair would give him an opportunity to bring the atrocities visited on the defenseless people of Guernica to the attention of the world, and so he set to work. The Republican forces had put down the uprising in other areas, except for some of the larger Andalusian cities, including Sevilla (Seville), Granada, and Crdoba. within the ranks. 100 Years' War Four causes are a dynastic dispute, Duchy of Aquitaine (England claim as ancient inheritance, Edward III claim Aquitaine and FR throne as edest heir of Philip the Frair), civil war in FR made war longer, economic factors (Flanders wool important to ENG). January 1939. The coup evolved into the Spanish Civil War during which he led the right-wing Nationalists against the Republicans. 800 British ships, ranging from warships to fishing boats, crossed the channel from England to rescue over 300,000 British and French troops. AP Euro. estimates. For Britain and France, the conflict represented a new threat to the international equilibrium that they were struggling to preserve, which in 1939 collapsed into World War II. The U.S. Army in the Pacific had been pursuing an "island-hopping" campaign, moving north from Australia towards Japan. He was the commander of the Deutsches Afrika Korps and also became known by the nickname "The Desert Fox" for the skillful military campaigns he waged on behalf of the German Army in North Africa. In 1936 the Spanish Civil War began. one of the most distinguished German field marshals of World War II. On the other side, the Republican, were urban workers, most agricultural labourers, and many of the educated middle class. Had they taken Stalingrad, they could have gone to Moscow, and would never have been defeated. This region had coal mines and was the center of steel production for the Germans. She was a theorist of the Social Democratic Party of the Kingdom of Poland, later becoming involved in the German SPD, followed by the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany. The thirty Years war was principally fought throughout Central Europe and involved most of the countries in Europe. He ruled a military dictatorship until his death in 1975. After winning the civil war he presided over the government of the Spanish State. What began as a failed coup spiraled into a proxy war between Europes fascist and communist countries, with the future Allies backing the Republicans and the Axis powers supporting Francos Nationalists. All About the Cold War - AP Euro. Pan-Slavism was preached by leading Russians in the years of the Russo-Turkish War. His term of endearment for JEws. Blum passed legislation extending the rights of the Arab population of Algeria. The air force of Britain. An elected center-left government faced a military revolt that eventually resulted in the creation of an authoritarian regime. Spanish Civil War, (1936-39) Military revolt against the government of Spain.After the 1936 elections produced a Popular Front government supported mainly by left-wing parties, a military uprising began in garrison towns throughout Spain, led by the rebel Nationalists and supported by conservative elements in the clergy, military, and landowners as well as the fascist Falange. great quantity. War almost entirely in France. Thus strengthened, the Loyalists fought desperately against Franco and his supporters (including the Roman Catholic Church, of whom they murdered more than 1000 priests and nearly 300 nuns). Hitler unleashed his air force or Luftwaffe, including the entire Condor Legion, which practiced in Spain the tactics it would use in the larger conflict to come. The Spanish civil war is one of the most famous coups in the world and took place between July of 1936 and April of 1939. A well-planned military uprising began on July 17, 1936, in garrison towns throughout Spain. On October 1, 1936, he was named head of state and set up a government in Burgos. Political group active in aiding the leftist forces in the Spanish Civil War. fast, maneuverable British fighter plane that helped England win the Battle of Britain. The following list of foreign correspondents in the Spanish Civil War is an alphabetical list of the large number of journalists and photographers who were in Spain at some stage of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). In 1933, new elections produced a rightist government which promptly undid earlier reforms. A. Thomas is a very unusual author,;\overset{\textit{\color{#c34632}{;}}}{{,\\\color{#c34632}{_\wedge}}},; she wrote her first book at the age of thirteen. $24.99 In August 1936, France joined Britain, the Soviet Union, Germany, and Italy in signing a nonintervention agreement that would be ignored by the Germans, Italians, and Soviets. SparkNotes PLUS The ship had ten guns and was bigger and faster than previous ships. With only limited support from France, and none at all from The US exerted strong influences in western Europe leading to the creation of global economic and political systems (NATO, IMF, World Bank, WTO, GATT). He was followed in May 1937 by Juan Negrn, also a socialist, who remained premier throughout the remainder of the war and served as premier in exile until 1945. This island was the site of the US's first invasion of Japanese-held territory. The dictatorships, however, intervened vigorously. . Introduction - The Political Setting of Spain (1931-1936) . He supported the rebels against the It was called by the General Council of the Trades Union Congress (TUC) in an unsuccessful attempt to force the government to act to prevent wage reduction and worsening conditions for coal miners. The Cuban movement for independence from Spain in 1895 garnered considerable American support. The Cold War involved propaganda, proxy wars, covert actions. Germany and Italy sent troops, tanks, and planes to aid the Nationalists. You can view our. Its earliest use was to describe individual political radicals unconnected with any party. a cultural movement that began in the mid-1920s, and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members. Cubism is a painting of a normal scene but painted so that it is viewed from multiple views while the positions of some of the parts are rotated or moved so that it is odd looking and scrambled. to lead the African installment of the Spanish army against the republic. Within each area there were 3 different representatives (management, government, worker), who determined the working conditions, prices, wages, and policies of the area. Kafka's works - including the stories Das Urteil (1913, "The Judgement"), In der Strafkolonie (1920, "In the Penal Colony"); the novella Die Verwandlung ("The Metamorphosis"); and unfinished novels Der Prozess ("The Trial") and Das Schlo ("The Castle") - have come to embody the blend of absurd, surreal and mundane which gave rise to the adjective "kafkaesque". leader of the American forces in Europe during WWII leader of troops in Africa and commander in D Day invasion, Italian fascist who rules after Mussolini and with whom the US negotiates a surrender (so much for unconditional surrender--Stalin embittered). an aerial battle fought in World War II in 1940 between the German Luftwaffe (air force), which carried out extensive bombing in Britain, and the British Royal Air Force, which offered successful resistance. On April 14, 1931 the Spanish monarchy was declared overthrown and a provisional government took power. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% The war was an outcome of a polarization of Spanish life and politics that had developed over previous decades.