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The Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA) is responsible for the statistical data generation related to the socio-economic condition of the country. About 507 million people practice Buddhism worldwide. The Bah Faith in Ethiopia begins after `Abdu'l-Bah wrote letters encouraging taking the religion to Africa in 1916. The declining global economic growth rate from 6.2% in 2021 to 3.4% in 2022, as well as the rise in the global headline inflation to 8.8% in advanced countries and 14.4% within member countries of . On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. . As per the World Population Prospects, 2019 by the United Nations, the population of Ethiopia in 2023 is 126,527,060 (12.6 crore or 126 million) Source: World Population Prospects 2022. read about Top Countries in Africa. Other Beliefs in Ethiopia. The most recent general statistical information about religious groups. [37] Yekuno Amlak paid back this favor when the Sultan of Shewa appealed to him to put down an insurrection in Showa. In 1974, a military junta, the Derg, deposed Emperor Haile SELASSIE (who had ruled since 1930) and established a socialist state. Ethiopia has close historical ties to all three of the world's major Abrahamic religions.Christians form the majority of the population. The current population of Ethiopia is 122,543,875 as of Thursday, March 2, 2023, based on Worldometer elaboration of the latest United Nations data. )proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est. WHO Regional websites. Since the defeat of the Derg in 1991, Ethiopians have migrated to escape violence among some of the countrys myriad ethnic groups or to pursue economic opportunities. xkSH{_[u[TBZlU],/&Bfu vv eezrm^x?jS~EzGeE_HRx 7 8py,.U^y7 B}$cGAJ_qt$8^{)1A_!Bxt ), China 27%, India 9%, United Arab Emirates 9%, France 9%, United Kingdom 7% (2019), aircraft, gas turbines, packaged medicines, electric filament, cars (2019), $3.046 billion (31 December 2020 est. 2020 estimate). Learn about the Somali in Ethiopia people group. )other: 51.5% (2018 est. 110 IGT-daughter (D), WW, 22 December 2014. Religion Volume 51, 2021 - Issue 3. Their existence was not widely known to the outside world for many years, and they likewise were not aware of other Jewish groups outside of their own community. Today, the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, part of Oriental Orthodoxy, is by far the largest denomination, though a number of Protestants (P'ent'ay) churches have recently gained ground. 22 March 2021. According to the most recent 2007 CSA governmental data, Muslims are 33.9% of the population,[3] up from 32.8% in 1994 (according to the census data of that year). )investment in inventories: -0.1% (2017 est. 2021). ), widespread lack of access: due to conflict in Tigray Region, drought conditions in southeastern areas, high food prices - The difficult and worsening food security situation is the result of multiple shocks affecting food availability and access including: the conflict in northern Tigray Region and in adjacent areas of Amhara and Afar regions, which began in November 2020; in Tigray region alone, 5.3 million people are estimated to be severely food insecure; the failure of the MarchMay 2022 GuGenna rains in southern pastoral areas of southern Oromiya Region and southern Somali Region, exacerbated drought conditions prevailing since late 2020, causing severe crop and livestock losses; severe macroeconomic challenges including insufficient foreign currency reserves and the continuous depreciation of the national currency, as a result, inflation is at very high levels, with the yearonyear food inflation rate estimated at 35.5 percent in July, one the highest of the last decade; these difficulties are exacerbated by the ripple effects of the Ukraine war, which triggered hikes in international prices of wheat, fuel and fertilizers (2022), municipal solid waste generated annually: 6,532,787 tons (2015 est. While the UN's 2021 revision is also now . )biomass and waste: 0.3% of total installed capacity (2020 est. ), municipal: 810 million cubic meters (2017 est. It is also used to refer to Axum, the ancient capital and religious centre of Ethiopian Orthodox Christians, or to its primary church, called Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion. It is a crime in Ethiopia to incite one religion against another. . Education Statistics 2006. [35] This is because Abyssinia's (present-day Ethiopia) Aksumite monarch embraced a group of Muslims embarking on the first Hijrah from Arabia, fleeing persecution from their homeland. The U.S. government estimates the total population at 111.5 million (midyear 2019 estimate). Religions: Ethiopian Orthodox 43.5%, Muslim 33.9%, Protestant 18.5%, traditional 2.7%, Catholic 0.7%, other 0.6% (2007 est.) )beer: 0.92 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. The population of the regions and districts (woredas) of Ethiopia. Ethiopia has a long historical and cultural connection to both Christianity and Islam. Cambodia has the highest percentage of Buddhists at 97.9%, followed by Thailand at 94.6% and Burma (Myanmar) with 87.9%. 106 CMT MW 17 December 2014. [3] Haile Selassie's government reportedly concealed the actual figures of the Muslim population in order to present Ethiopia as a Christian nation to the outside world. An ethnic Amhara group has a separate list of almost 2,000 but experts say that's just a small fraction of the real toll. This activity is expected to be a five-year program in the $10-25M range. ), fresh water lake(s): Lake Tana - 3,600 sq km; Abaya Hayk - 1,160 sq km; Ch'amo Hayk - 550 sq kmsalt water lake(s): Lake Turkana (shared with Kenya) - 6,400 sq km; Abhe Bid Hayk/Abhe Bad (shared with Djibouti) - 780 sq km;, Blue Nile river source (shared with Sudan [m]) - 1,600 kmnote [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth, Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Mediterranean Sea) Nile (3,254,853 sq km), Ogaden-Juba Basin, Sudd Basin (Umm Ruwaba Aquifer), highest density is found in the highlands of the north and middle areas of the country, particularly around the centrally located capital city of Addis Ababa; the far east and southeast are sparsely populated as shown in this population distribution map, geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts, volcanism: volcanic activity in the Great Rift Valley; Erta Ale (613 m), which has caused frequent lava flows in recent years, is the country's most active volcano; Dabbahu became active in 2005, forcing evacuations; other historically active volcanoes include Alayta, Dalaffilla, Dallol, Dama Ali, Fentale, Kone, Manda Hararo, and Manda-Inakir, note 1: landlocked - entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 24 May 1993; Ethiopia is, therefore, the most populous landlocked country in the world; the Blue Nile, the chief headstream of the Nile by water volume, rises in T'ana Hayk (Lake Tana) in northwest Ethiopianote 2: three major crops may have originated in Ethiopia: coffee (almost certainly), grain sorghum, and castor bean, Oromo 35.8%, Amhara 24.1%, Somali 7.2%, Tigray 5.7%, Sidama 4.1%, Guragie 2.6%, Welaita 2.3%, Afar 2.2%, Silte 1.3%, Kefficho 1.2%, other 13.5% (2022 est.). In 2022 the natural increase was positive, as the number of births exceeded the number of deaths by 3,034,976. Ethiopia's last census estimated that 43.5 percent of Ethiopians identify as Orthodox Christian, 33.9 percent as Muslim, and 18.6 percent as Protestant. )investment in fixed capital: 43.5% (2017 est. [16] While Muslims can be found in almost every community, Islam is most prevalent in the Somali (98.4%), Afar (95.3%) and Oromia (47.5%) Regions. A constitution was adopted in 1994, and Ethiopia's first multiparty elections were held in 1995. Section I. [9] The rise of Islamic extremists account for much of the violent persecution in Ethiopia. Goals include promoting rapid economic growth and improving service delivery. (approximately $970 million)0.6% of GDP (2018 est.) Religions. )note: data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49, 401 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est. Holy Trinity Ethiopian Orthodox Cathedral, Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus, Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region, travel to Ethiopia via modern-day Eritrea, "Population and Housing Census of 1994: Religion", Ethiopia: International Religious Freedom Report, 2007, Ethiopia: International Religious Freedom Report 2006, "Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census", https://web.archive.org/web/20090305231227/http://www.csa.gov.et/pdf/Cen2007_firstdraft.pdf, "The Bah Faith: 18441963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Bah Teaching & Consolidation Plan 19531963", "North American Bah Choir in Ethiopia 2009", "Families and youth identified as keys to reducing poverty", "Five arrested for attack on mosques in Ethiopia's Amhara region", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Ethiopia&oldid=1139836593, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2016, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2016, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2015, Articles with incomplete citations from February 2015, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the World Factbook, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 17 February 2023, at 04:25. In Ethiopia, it is customary for large crowds to gather on the last week of November at the country's holiest site, the Church of St Mary of Zion in Axum.Every year, followers of the ancient Ethiopian Orthodox faith, who constitute roughly 60% of the population, join each other to celebrate the presence of the Ark of the Covenant in what is one of Ethiopia's most important religious . In 2018, 50% of adults polled said they belonged to a religious congregation, down sharply from the 70% who said so as recently as 1999. The core characteristics and beliefs of the world's major religions are described below. )government consumption: 10% (2017 est. )consumption: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. )other alcohols: 0.03 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Hospitals WHO supplied with Medical Kits in 2 Rounds in August 2021. ), -0.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est. Tigrayans make up about 7 percent of Ethiopia's population compared with the two largest ethnic groups, the Oromo and the Amhara, which make up over 60 percent. . Global data and statistics, research and publications, and topics in poverty and development . ethnicity, religion, and sexual orientation and particularly in terms of gender as women make up a high percentage of our staff and are encouraged to apply. )8.36% (2019 est. )6.06% (2020 est. March 5, 2021 12:12 PM ET. Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. The faith arrived in Tigray, north of Ethiopia, . Many different actorsthe national military, as well as the Eritrean military, militias from Ethiopia's Amhara region, and . The study is about the DDR's attempt to create a humane and just health care system in a country devastated by World War II, with few resources available (and a population one-third the size of . Other minority religions in the country include Waaq and indigenous beliefs, which are followed by 2.6% of the Ethiopian population, Roman Catholicism (.7%), and Judaism and Baha'i (.7% combined). Start of Contract & Duration: Two months Posting date: September 25, 2021 INTRODUCTION. . Prime Minister Abiy has promoted reconciliation between Ethiopia's main faith groups, including through the 2018 release of Muslim activists who had been arrested in 2015 for protesting the government's treatment . [21] A year later, in November 1934, the first Bah Local Spiritual Assembly in the country was formed in Addis Ababa. While the use of modern contraceptive methods among married women has increased significantly from 6 percent in 2000 to 27 percent in 2012, the overall rate is still quite low. )3.24% (2020 est. )wind: 3.8% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Their religion became synchronized . ), $27.27 billion (2019 est. Mazaa (a pseudonym), a 44-year-old who runs a K-8 school with her husband outside of Addis Ababa, has tried to share her concerns about the grave suffering of Tigrayans with fellow evangelicals. [33] There is some tension between members of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church and Protestant Christians, as well as between the Ethiopian Orthodox and Muslims in general. ), total: 32.44 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 37.13 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 27.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est. Addis Ababa. [15] and some belonging to various Sufi orders. Islam is the second most followed religion, with 33.9% of the population being adherents. [9][10] Orthodox Ethiopian Christians are predominant in the Tigray (95.6%) and Amhara (82.5%), while the majority of Protestants live in the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region or SNNPR (55.5% of the inhabitants) and the Oromia Region (4.8 million or 17.7%). )30.1% of GDP (2017 est. 4 0 obj
)34.927 (2020 est. )$2.993 billion (31 December 2019 est. ), general assessment: has been one of the last in Africa to allow its national telco a monopoly on all telecom services including fixed, mobile, internet and data communications; this has stifled innovation, restricted network expansion, and limited the scope of services on offer; the World Bank in early 2021 provided a $200 million loan to help develop the countrys digital transformation, while the government has embarked on its 2020-2030 program as well as its Digital Ethiopia 2025 strategy, both aimed at making better use of digital technologies to promote socioeconomic development (2021)domestic: fixed-line subscriptions at about 1 per 100 while mobile-cellular stands at a little over 39 per 100; the number of mobile telephones is increasing steadily (2020)international: country code - 251; open-wire to Sudan and Djibouti; microwave radio relay to Kenya and Djibouti; 2 domestic satellites provide the national trunk service; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Pacific Ocean) (2016)note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services, 6 public TV stations broadcasting nationally and 10 public radio broadcasters; 7 private radio stations and 19 community radio stations (2017), total: 27,591,260 (2020 est. Many believe that the Gospel had entered Ethiopia even earlier, with the royal official described as being baptised by Philip the Evangelist in chapter eight of the Acts of the Apostles (Acts 8:2639). [27] While the use of modern contraceptive methods among married women has increased significantly from 6 percent in 2000 to 27 percent in 2012, the overall rate is still quite low. In December 2019 several mosques and Muslim owned businesses were attacked in the Christian dominated Amhara Region. )32.53% of GDP (2018 est. )23.866 (2017 est. 1580 The Trotize of Zera Jacob Most people interprot thing on. )wine: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. ), maize, cereals, wheat, sorghum, milk, barley, sweet potatoes, roots/tubers nes, sugar cane, millet, food processing, beverages, textiles, leather, garments, chemicals, metals processing, cement, agriculture: 72.7%industry: 7.4%services: 19.9% (2013 est. miles). [30] Haile Selassie actually came to power during the rise of opposition to Muslims in government positions. ), Derg Downfall Day (defeat of MENGISTU regime), 28 May (1991), history: several previous; latest drafted June 1994, adopted 8 December 1994, entered into force 21 August 1995amendments: proposals submitted for discussion require two-thirds majority approval in either house of Parliament or majority approval of one-third of the State Councils; passage of amendments other than constitutional articles on fundamental rights and freedoms and the initiation and amendment of the constitution requires two-thirds majority vote in a joint session of Parliament and majority vote by two thirds of the State Councils; passage of amendments affecting rights and freedoms and amendment procedures requires two-thirds majority vote in each house of Parliament and majority vote by all the State Councils, has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt, citizenship by birth: nocitizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Ethiopiadual citizenship recognized: noresidency requirement for naturalization: 4 years. note: data are in current year dollars$7.715 billion (2020 est. )$248.972 billion (2019 est. [31] U.S ambassador David H. Shinn stated in 2005 that the Ethiopian leadership continued to be largely Christian. Africa; Americas; . ), conventional long form: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopiaconventional short form: Ethiopialocal long form: Ityop'iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Ripebliklocal short form: Ityop'iyaformer: Abyssinia, Italian East Africaabbreviation: FDREetymology: the country name derives from the Greek word "Aethiopia," which in classical times referred to lands south of Egypt in the Upper Nile region, name: Addis Ababageographic coordinates: 9 02 N, 38 42 Etime difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)etymology: the name in Amharic means "new flower" and was bestowed on the city in 1889, three years after its founding, 11 ethnically based regional states (kililoch, singular - kilil) and 2 chartered cities* (astedader akabibiwach, singular - astedader akabibi); Adis Abeba* (Addis Ababa), Afar, Amara (Amhara), Binshangul Gumuz, Dire Dawa*, Gambela Hizboch (Gambela Peoples), Hareri Hizb (Harari People), Oromiya (Oromia), Sidama, Sumale (Somali), Tigray, YeDebub Biheroch Bihereseboch na Hizboch (Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples), YeDebub M'irab Ityop'iya Hizboch (Southwest Ethiopia Peoples), oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world - at least 2,000 years (may be traced to the Aksumite Kingdom, which coalesced in the first century B.C. Ethiopia Religion, Economy and Politics. ), 16.798 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. ), total subscriptions: 1.252 million (2020 est. [citation needed] The numerous indigenous African religions in Ethiopia operate mainly in the far southwest and western borderlands. . Density. There is no state religion, and it is forbidden to form political parties based upon religion; all religious groups are required to register with the government, and renew their registration once every three years. NTIA is requesting comments on the $2.75 billion Digital Equity Act of 2021 Program, and on the design and implementation of two components of that grant program: the $1.44 billion State Digital Equity Capacity Grant Program and the $1.25 billion Digital Equity Competitive Grant Program. [3] According to the government's most recent census from 2007, Christians constitute 62.8% of the total population, with the largest group being Ethiopian Orthodox Christians at 43.5%, followed by Protestants 18.6% and Catholics at 0.7%. )from coal and metallurgical coke: 1.474 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. )expenditures: $13.79 billion (2017 est. <>
Fifty years ago, in 1971, 90% of U.S. adults identified with a Christian religion, 6% were non-Christian or another religion, and 4% did not have a religious . Internal and international trafficking of women and children for domestic work and prostitution is a growing problem. [23] By 1963, there were seven localities with smaller groups of Bahs in the country. )industry: 21.6% (2017 est. )consumption: 689,000 metric tons (2020 est. After this, Operation Moses and Operation Solomon, conducted in 1984 and 1991, respectively, airlifted the vast majority of the Ethiopian Jewish population to Israel, where there is currently a population of 150,000 Beta Israel. (approximately $950 million)0.7% of GDP (2017 est.) )$264.059 billion (2020 est. The number of Muslims in Ethiopia rose from 17.4 million in 1994 to 25 million in 2007. The Emperor himself was the defender of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, that also has a concept of Zion, although it represents a unique and complex concept, referring figuratively to St. Mary, but also to Ethiopia as a bastion of Christianity surrounded by Muslims and other religions, much like Mount Zion in the Bible[citation needed]. Christians form the majority of the population. The Danish Refugee Council (DRC), an international non-governmental organization (NGO), has been providing relief and development services in the Horn of Africa . )2.33% (2019 est. Descriptive statistics, bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were . (1984), 1994, 2007 census, 2022 projection. ETHIOPIA 2021 ETHIOPIA RELIGIONS Christians Area 1,104,300 Km2 GDP per capita 1,730 US$ Population 112,759,070 GINI INDEX* *Economic Inequality 35 Other Ethnoreligionists 0.2% . )agricultural: 9.687 billion cubic meters (2017 est. Some adherents of the Bah Faith likewise exist in a number of urban and rural areas. )exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. The religious beliefs of Addis Ababa. ), birr (ETB) per US dollar -43.734 (2021 est. The World Religion Database (WRD) contains detailed statistics on religious affiliation for every country of the world. Ethiopian Orthodox 43.8%, Muslim 31.3%, Protestant 22.8%, Catholic 0.7%, traditional 0.6%, other 0.8% (2016 est.). )hydroelectricity: 95.8% of total installed capacity (2020 est. It has 31.8 million first language speakers and around 25 million second language speakers (out of a total population of 115 million people). . )0.6% of GDP (2019 est.) ), 5.461 million ADDIS ABABA (capital) (2023), at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female0-14 years: 1.01 male(s)/female15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.84 male(s)/femaletotal population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2023 est. Christianity was introduced to Ethiopia in the 4th century, and the Ethiopian Orthodox Church (called Tewahdo in Ethiopia) is one of the oldest organized Christian bodies in the world. Today, the country claims about 80 million of each . agriculture: 34.8% (2017 est. ), total petroleum production: 0 bbl/day (2021 est. The ARDA Data Archive is a collection of surveys, polls, and other data submitted by researchers. )proven reserves: 24.919 billion cubic meters (2021 est. Overview. Ethiopia is one of the world's most religious countries in the world, and its capital city is no different. The solicitation is expected to be released in October 2021 and awarded in May 2022. Ethiopia's rapid population growth is putting increasing pressure on land resources, expanding environmental degradation, and raising vulnerability to food shortages. 4 Islam is the second-largest religious group in Ethiopia, at 34 percent, with Orthodox Christians at 44 percent and Protestant Christians at 19 percent. )$19.227 billion (2019 est. Below are key statistics from WHO's Global Health Observatory. The regions of Ethiopia as well as all cities and towns with more than 20,000 inhabitants. In 2020 the most popular religions are Islam Summi, Hindu and Christian Roman Catholics. Torn by bloody coups, uprisings, wide-scale drought, and massive refugee problems, the regime was finally toppled in 1991 by a coalition of rebel forces, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF). If recent progress is continued, prevalence of child marriage would drop to 20 per cent by 2030 and to below 10 percent by 2050. Religion has played a major role in the shaping of the Ethiopian culture as well as its politics over time.. The four standard measures of religious commitment . endobj
), $2,300 (2021 est. The current population of Ethiopia is 125,465,016 based on projections of the latest United Nations data. [20] Mr. Sabri Elais, then a 27-year-old Bah' from Alexandria, Egypt, introduced the Bah Faith to Ethiopia in 1933. Islam now accounts for nearly forty percent of the population and is growing. )from consumed natural gas: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. )-$2.719 billion (2020 est. endobj
The World Bank is helping to fight poverty and improve living standards in Ethiopia. Islam in Ethiopia dates back to the founding of the religion; in 615, when a group of Muslims were counseled by Muhammad to escape persecution in Mecca and travel to Ethiopia via modern-day Eritrea, which was ruled by Ashama ibn Abjar, a pious Christian king. 20th c shyaway from critical examination." -. Explore aspects of Ethiopian culture and religion, including food, art, music and languages. )from petroleum and other liquids: 15.324 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. description: bicameral Parliament consists of:House of Federation or Yefedereshein Mikir Bete (153 seats maximum; 144 seats current; members indirectly elected by state assemblies to serve 5-year terms)House of People's Representatives or Yehizb Tewokayoch Mekir Bete (547 seats maximum; 470 seats current; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; 22 seats reserved for minorities; all members serve 5-year terms)elections: House of Federation - last held 4 October 2021 (next expected 31 October 2026)House of People's Representatives - last held in two parts on 21 June 2021 and 30 September 2021 (next election expected 30 June 2026)election results: House of Federation - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - NA; composition - men 100, women 44, percent of women 30.6%House of Representatives - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - Prosperity Party 454, NAMA 5, EZEMA 4, Gedeo People's Democratic organization 2, Kucha People Democratic Party 1, independent 4; composition - men 275, women 195, percent of women 41.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 38.9%notes: House of Federation is responsible for interpreting the constitution and federal-regional issues and the House of People's Representatives is responsible for passing legislation; percent of vote percentages are calculated on the number of members actually seated versus on the constitutional maximums, highest court(s): Federal Supreme Court (consists of 11 judges); note - the House of Federation has jurisdiction for all constitutional issuesjudge selection and term of office: president and vice president of Federal Supreme Court recommended by the prime minister and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; other Supreme Court judges nominated by the Federal Judicial Administrative Council (a 10-member body chaired by the president of the Federal Supreme Court) and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; judges serve until retirement at age 60subordinate courts: federal high courts and federal courts of first instance; state court systems (mirror structure of federal system); sharia courts and customary and traditional courts, House of People's Representatives:Ethiopian Citizens for Social Justice and Democracy or EZEMA [BERHANU Nega] Gedeo People's Democratic PartyIndependentKucha People Democratic PartyNational Movement of Amhara or NAMAProsperity Party or PPnote: Ethiopia has over fifty national-level and regional-level political parties.