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However, they still maintain their headquarters in California, where their national president resides, and their numbers continue to reach into state and federal prisons across the US. On January 30, 1972, British soldiers stationed in the Northern Irish city of Derry opened fire on crowds of unarmed civilian protesters, killing 13, mortally wounding another, and injuring 15 others with unprecedented brutality. Biden on the Anniversary of Bloody. Palma Boys crew. Agim Gashi : Leader of an Albanian Mafia clan based out of Italy. The pursuit of ethnic solidarity was also encapsulated within Luis Sandovals experiences, but as a prison guard and as a witness to these violent acts. (or Syndicato Tejano) is a mostly Texas-based prison gang that includes Hispanic and at one time White members (The organization at one time did allow non-Hispanic members to join, but that policy was repealed in the 1980s). When prison gang violence arose, the state was quick to blame the reforms as the cause of the violence. (Gang Intelligence 101), In 1995, the Texas Syndicate declares war on a Mexican gang known as Mexicles. They are led to believe they must join a prison gang for protection and in the process of believing this, they eventually secure longer terms of incarceration. For Sandoval, this was the lighting of an inmates cigarette, a task perceived in the outside world as nonthreatening, but inside the walls of a prison, a very dangerous act. Danielle S. Willkens "Once we identify a name and the story behind them, we can track. Statistical Atlas. Un-published manuscript, Texas Department of Corrections, 1986. Both were also newly employed prison guards, a continuation of the 1980s-increased-hiring-wave. Le Chiffre is the main villain of the 2006 James Bond film, Casino Royale , portrayed by Danish actor Mads Mikkelsen . One of these banks was discovered by accident by the Dsseldorf police when they were checking a travel agency "Eulinda" owned by the Albanians. [1] A long, metal objecta homemade knife, or shankprotruded from his jugular. The complicated history of Whiteness in U.S. history has been explored in the scholarship on Mexican American history but is virtually non-existent in mass incarceration scholarship. Bloody Sunday 2002 R 1 h 51 m IMDb RATING 7.6 /10 25K YOUR RATING Rate Drama History War A dramatization of the Irish civil rights protest march and subsequent massacre by British troops on January 30, 1972. Fourteen died and 13 . When SNCC's efforts were frustrated by stiff resistance from Read MoreBloody Sunday Protest March, Selma, Alabama, March 7, 1965 Many of these Mexican American inmates who became prison gang members had to submit to a serious requirement for membership and could only leave the gang through their death. While Sandoval was found not guilty and was vindicated, it came at a cost. A former Texas Mexican Mafia member, Joe Morales, explained this process of escalation. Theyre difficult to infiltrate. Were just now catching up with Albanian organized crime, he says. Furthermore, since the rapid growth of prison gangs in the late 1970s and early 1980s, prison gangs in Texas were responsible for several dozen homicides, hundreds of assaults on other inmates and staff, and have had a stranglehold on power in Texas prisons since then. (Gang Intelligence 101), In April 2002, members of the Texas Syndicate murder a Tango Blast member at the J.B. Connally state prison. This influenced who the prison gang incorporated into their monetary endeavors. In the French movie The Nest the plot centers around an Albanian mob boss in police custody being escorted to The Hague. bloody sunday Dem Leaders Urged to Mark Bloody Sunday by Acting on Voting Rights, Economic Justice "This is no time for foolishness, photo-ops, and flaky commitments," declares a letter from faith leaders including Bishop William Barber II and Rev. On February 2007, high ranking Texas Syndicate member Ernesto Medrano is sentenced to life in prison for using U.S. military flights to transport hundreds of kilos of cocaine from Columbia to Fort, Bliss Texas. Torres was a Texas Syndicate informant who provided information crucial to a federal case against fellow gang members. Links to Calabrias Mafia, the "Ndrangheta", exist in Northern Italy. His experiences, however, exposed other problems for Mexican Americans. Nicholas "Nick Morello" Terranova took over the 116th Street Mob , and became in boiled in the Mafia-Camorra War. This marriage took place only after Sandoval was able to attain job security with the Texas Department of Corrections as a correctional officer in Huntsville. When the task was not accepted or completed by a member, then they were green lit which meant they became a target within their own prison gang because they refused to follow orders (Riggs, 2011). He was also unfamiliar with the environment of a prison. Ultimately, as the histories of prison continue to expand, the inclusion of Mexican Americans as an integral population to its history is necessary; we grow to contest the views of Mexican Americans as a criminalized population, discern an increased incarcerated population, and also recognize them becoming institutional operatives of the prison system itself. (Hernandez v. Johnson, 108 F.3d 554 (C.A.5 (Tex. March 1965 Bloody Sunday . Sandovals exposure to this initial shocking experience was predicated on his need for quick employment. The Texas Syndicate 's . On September 7, 1916 Nicholas Terranova was murdered, giving the Camorra gangs the advantage. Even while considering the institutions perception of the strength of prison gangs, they still largely lacked broad exploration in historical scholarship. A lawsuit against the Texas prison system and Sandoval was underway by Arredondos family. The victim, who was also a TS member was wrestled down and intentionally overdosed with a shot of heroin. Money has been transferred by the couriers in special waist belts with many pockets. Draper, Richard. The first time, on January 30th, 1972, it was a real event: a massacre in Derry of 13 unarmed civilians by the first . The Museum | Museum of Free Derry - The Museum of Free Derry is the . Another trial focused on the parties who were responsible for the murder of Arredondo was underway. In the early 1960s, Anthony Salerno became one of the most powerful capos in the family. Away from his home and in a foreign environment, it was easy for him to fall in and develop relations with them. This case began in the early 1970s through the efforts of an inmate writ-writer named David Resendez Ruz and ultimately exposed the unconstitutionality of the Texas prison system. His kinship and his familiarity with Mexican American inmates brought him to become close to them. Two Texas Syndicate gang members were sentenced today to a combined 50 years in prison for drug trafficking in Lubbock, announced U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of Texas Erin Nealy Cox. First prison gang remains a force to fearThousands of Texas Syndicate members behind bars, but murder, mayhem continue. The group planned to march to the state capitol in Montgomery, 54 miles away, to protest of the February 26 murder of Jimmy Lee . Both the Texas Syndicate and Mexikanemi team up against the Barrio Azteca. Klimko, Frank. Bloody Sunday Marchers marching from Brown Chapel A.M.E. Church to Edmund Pettus Bridge on Sunday, March 7, 1965 (Bloody Sunday). Enver Sekiraqa : Leading person of organized crime in Kosovo, aka the boss of the bosses, who is on the Interpols wanted list for several crimes. PHOTO: Crowd of petitioners, led by Father Gapon, near Narva Gate, St. Petersburg. An official inquiry in 2010 found that none of those killed by the British . On Jan. 30, 1972, in the Northern Ireland town of Derry, a peaceful march involving 15,000 civil-rights marchers turned violent when British troops fired on the protesters. Rosas eventually confessed to actually stabbing Arredondo but was offered a favorable deal in exchange for his testimony [against Sandoval]; and Ruben Ortiz, a convicted murderer and TS sex slave [] was paroled after he agreed to testify (Draper, 1991). On September 2, 1985 Raymond Delgado, a Texas Mexican Mafia member was murdered in the Ramsey II Unit, by the Texas Syndicate. Zef Mustafa : Albanian Mafia kingpin based out of New York. It was established in the 1960's at Folsom Prison in California in direct response to the other California prison gangs (notably the Aryan Brotherhood and Mexican Mafia), which were attempting to prey on native Texas inmates. Albanian organized crime is active in Albania , the United States , and the European Union (EU) countries, participating in a diverse range of criminal enterprises including drug and arms trafficking . Two guards, Joel Lambright Jr. and Alex Torres, were also charged in 1994 with murder after Sandoval was charged and convicted (Smith, 1994). (Gang Intelligence 101), In 2001, Texas Syndicate members murder ex member Hector Camacho in the Rio Grande Valley for his efforts in starting an offshoot TS chapter called Tejano Syndicato Originales (Sierra v. State, No. The fight was merely a distraction. Thirteen. The wardens, staff, guards, and building tenders were predominately White. The gangs agree to revise the manifesto each year on May 5th. The Aztecas murder their TS victim by slamming his head through jail bars. Eventually we found out that "Eulinda" had already transferred 150 million dollars to Kosovo for "humanitarian purposes", says Bruckert. H. Christoph/ullstein bild/Getty Images Young man shot by the British military on Bloody Sunday. Then, through negotiations or in armed showdowns, the Albanians struck out on their own, daring to battle the Lucchese and Gambino families for territory in Queens, the Bronx and Westchester County, prosecutors say." ), 1997), In 1990, the Mexikanemi and Texas Syndicate agree on a truce. In the United States, Albanian gangs started to be active in the mid-80s, mostly participating in low-level crimes such as burglaries and robberies. Sandovals case was unique as the only guard to be charged with a homicide at this point, but other guards were charged with other crimes. This story illustrates the harsh reality of prison gang violence, but also the non-violent ways prison gangs influenced guards. They are used for the transfer of money from Germany which amounts to a billion of D-marks a year. 8,126 Hispanic members operate across Texas, including specific reportings in the Coffield Unit, about 60 miles southwest of Tyler, and at the Allred prison unit outside of Wichita Falls. Rudaj Organization The most famous Albanian criminal organization was the Rudaj Organization . 402K subscribers 2 No views 1 minute ago ESPN's Matt Barrie is back for Week 6's Sunday Bloody Sunday to talk through the interim coaches prowess, Alabama's win over Texas A&M, Tennessee. Texas Syndicate moved into Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ). Building tenders were also selected from the inmate population pool who were deemed more aggressive and violent to ensure strict control through violence and fear. Testifying for murder defendant and former Ellis I guard Luis Sandoval, a string of prison employees said the doors were left open despite a policy requiring that they be locked at all times (McKay, 1991). Almir Rrapo : Leader of the "Krasniqi Crew" based in New York and other US cities. As of 2000, the Texas Syndicate had about 19,000. members in prisons and jails state-wide, with many more on the outside. Structure The typical structure of the Albanian Mafia is hierarchical. Tejanos were being preyed upon by California prison gangs in some of the most notorious California prisons including San Quentin and Folsom. Russians. The murder involved a cocaine deal gone badly. Relinquishing membership was not allowed. United Kingdom Albanian mafia gangs are believed to be largely behind sex trafficking, immigrants smuggling, as well as working with Turkish gangs in Southend-On-Sea, who control the heroin trade in the United Kingdom . Simmons published in Prison Legal News October, 2004, page 39. In the movie " In With Thieves " A blood diamond deal goes wrong which throws Albanian Mafioso into chaos in the criminal underworld. With the lack of social mobility due to economic constraints, Mexican Americans were forced into what limited opportunities were afforded to them. One former prison gang member, Jesus Valverde reflected on the toxic pressure to commit violence for a prison gang and exposed the problems it forced on these Mexican American prison gang members. Krasniqi Brothers : Bruno Krasniqi and Saimir Krasniqi; leaders of an international crime organization engaged in murder, kidnapping, narcotics trafficking and other illegal activities in Albania and the U.S. Myfit (Mike) Dika : Former drug kingpin of the Balkan Criminal Enterprises; an international criminal organization which spanned from Canada , the United States , to Europe . (Associates Press), On January 2009, 10 Texas Syndicate members invade the home of an Austin couple and rob the family of their TVs wallets, and vehicles. The panel consisted of acting/front boss Thomas "Tommy Ryan" Eboli, underboss Gerardo "Gerry" Catena and consigliere Michele "Big Mike" Miranda while others served in the advisory capacity, Mike Coppola was considered an influential capo and was used to help the panel. Fields such as criminal justice, sociology, and criminology have provided vast research into prison gangs, and more specifically Mexican American prison gangs. Bloody Sunday 2002 R 1 h 51 m IMDb RATING 7.6 /10 25K YOUR RATING Rate Drama History War A dramatization of the Irish civil rights protest march and subsequent massacre by British troops on January 30, 1972. The non-violent ways prison gangs wielded their multi-faceted agency beyond merely employing violent means is often overlooked. Historians have lagged behind attempts to historicize prison gangs into the larger historical context. Released or parole members who generate money for the Texas Syndicate must surrender a 10% tax ("the dime") of all proceeds toward the gang in prison. Luis Sandovals interactions and troubled story highlight the importance of race within the Texas prison system between Mexican American inmates and Mexican American guards, but also largely under a white prison administration. It simultaneously illustrated that race was crucial to membership, belonging, and trust, but it was also used as a predatory and manipulative tool to further advance their objectives of revenue creation. Under Sandovals watch on December 17, 1986 Joe Arredondo, a Texas Syndicate member was found murdered. The issues of guards becoming corrupted continued and continues well into the 2010s. He also placed phone calls for them to the outside world and relayed harmless, though highly likely coded, messages for their illicit activity. Albanian Mafia families or clans are usually made up of groups of fewer than 100 members, constituting an extended family residing all along the Balkan route from Eastern Turkey, to Western Europe, and North America. All Rights Reserved. Law enforcement authorities estimate that different Albanian mafia families may smuggle as much as 440 pounds of heroin a year into Scandinavia at any given time. Crim. He also met his future wife Veronica in the tenements across the street from Texas A&I University which became Texas A&M UniversityKingsville, where Sandoval attended college for three years (Draper, 1991). The process of downing the duck is described as an inmate or a group of inmates manipulating a guard or staff member into undertaking very small tasks perceived to be innocuous. Sandovals Early Beginnings
Their options were either possibly losing their job, or continue assisting the inmates and they would remain silent. Their . Activists who gathered virtually and in person to commemorate a pivotal day in the civil rights struggle that became known as Bloody Sunday called on people to continue the fight for voting rights as they also honored giants of the civil rights movement, including the late U.S. Rep. John Lewis, who died last year. In 1991, for example, a prison guard who worked at the Ellis I unit where Sandoval had once worked was indicted with drug muling. In fact, from roughly 1986 to 1991, the special prison prosecution unit charged at least sixty Texas prison guards with felony offenses (Draper, 1991). Italians. The Morello-Terranova brothers soon started taking over the growing Little Italy in East Harlem, by using the Black Hand technique of extorting small business and running illegal gambling operations. 116th Street Crew The 116th Street crew, also known as the Uptown crew, is a powerful crew within the Genovese crime family. The history of Ireland: 11 milestone moments. Unfolding in real time we're able to see exactly how the . Unbeknownst to Sandoval, he was entering as a prison guard during a transitional period from 1979-1986 for the TDC dubbed a Broken System, as many court cases had upended the autonomous power of the prison administration during this period. On Sunday, March 7, 1965, in Selma, some 600 marchers lining up behind SNCC's John Lewis and SCLC's Hosea Williams did not seem to expect much violence despite the city's notoriety for violence against the Civil Rights Movement. Southern Albanian groups also have good relationships with Sicilys Cosa Nostra "The Albanian criminals were special from the beginning," said Francesca Marcelli, an organized-crime investigator for the Italian government. On January 30 . Several key figures of the Albanian Mafia seem to reside frequently in the Calabrian towns of Perugia, Africo, Plati, and Bovalino (Italy), fiefs of the Ndrangheta. App. Perez was found stabbed approximately fifteen times in his upper torso and back (Graczyk, 1985). In 1993, the Barrio Azteca brutally beat and murder a Texas Syndicate member in the El Paso county jail causing the Texas Syndicate to alliance it's self with the Mexikanemi. "The road for arms and people, meaning illegal immigrants destined for Europe, is in Albanian hands." "The Albanian Mafia seems to have established good working relationships with the Italian Mafia". Sunday Bloody Sunday Lyrics [Intro] Yeah, mm-hm [Verse 1] I can't believe the news today Oh, I can't close my eyes and make it go away [Refrain] How long? The Texas Mexican Mafia was initially formed in 1984 as a response to the predatory nature of the Texas Syndicate against non-member inmates. (Associated Press), In 1993, the Barrio Azteca brutally beat and murder a Texas Syndicate member in the El Paso county jail causing the Texas Syndicate to alliance its self with the Mexikanemi. Three days later, the criminals published a note in the leading Brussels newspaper Le Soir , demanding 30 million Belgian francs in ransom. (Gang Intelligence 101), In 2004, The Raza Unida and Texas Syndicate settle on a truce. If the guard or staff member refused or rejected the task, the inmate(s) then informed them that they would notify prison administrators of previous favors (Bedard, 2013). Sandoval claimed he skipped the court date and hid out for three weeks in California because he feared prison officials. There were approximately sixty prison gang related homicides between 1984-1985. The cycle of predatory violence against non-gang members had continued to historically breed new prison gangs. The gang felt that the mother of 3 had crossed the line and ordered TS member Magnaleno Medina to kidnap and murder her. By 1997 the immigration had come under the control of Albanian and Italian criminal groups, tightening relationships between them The Albanians are targeting affluent central and northern areas like Lombardy , Piedmont , and Tuscany . Inside the walls of each prison is drugs, prostitution, gambling, extortion, and grand theft, but no investigation into any of these things has ever been made (Draper, 1991). His crew, with his vast illegal interests went to Anthony Salerno. The Gonzales homicide was merely one representative example of the larger problem of violence stemming from the war between the Texas Syndicate and the Texas Mexican Mafia that raged inside the walls of the prison units. The murder involves a state wide war between both prison gangs. But, soon after the murder of Joe Arredondo, Sandoval was charged with the crime and inmates who were allegedly present provided corroborating details. Amidst Sandovals alleged deeper involvement with this gang activity, he faced a larger problem. Dubbed the king of the New York drug underworld, Ismail Lika issued a contract on Rudy Giuliani 's prosecutors in 1985. The expiration of membership or getting out only occurred upon the members death. Some of these punishments for example were longer durations behind bars, beatings enacted by the building tenders, or being sent to solitary confinement. NPS Photo The early spring of 1965 became the turning point in the tensely-waged struggle for voting rights throughout Alabama and the "deep South." Each side wanted to completely control all the Italian gangs in New York City and across the United States. History The 116th Street Mob In the early 1890s, a group of five brothers (Antonio, Nicholas, Giuseppe and half-brothers Vincenzo and Ciro Terranova) arrived in New York City from Corleone, Sicily.