Data Source and References for Eleusine indica (Indian goosegrass) from the USDA PLANTS database Name Search name search type enter a search name Only after about 2 years that ferns and lichens just start to occupy lava. Stems do not root at the nodes. Seed treatment with fungicides is advisable for management of the disease. This work will cover scientific names, synonyms, common and vernacular names, origin and distribution, agroecology, edible plant parts and uses, plant habit /description, nutritive and medicinal value, other uses and selected current references. A complete generation requires about 30 days. Not for the casual reader., 283. However, post-Columbian introduction of this species also has been suggested (Nault, 1983). Often includes an analysis, or at least a list of constituents. Domestication of cultivated finger millet, E. coracana started around 5000 years ago in Western Uganda and the Ethiopian highlands and the crop extended to the Western Ghats of India around 3000 BC (Hilu et al., 1979; Hilu and de Wet, 1976). Certain management practices (e.g., seed burial or submergence depth due to soil tillage or flooding) are likely to provoke differential responses among the key weed species and this can be employed as a basis to develop more sustainable management practices. Most of the research works were undertaken a long time ago and recent literature is limited. In some cases, it is enclosed in the flag leaf and may not emerge fully. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. Hard lava streams are the slowest to develop new vegetation. Caprifoliaceae). (2014) from Minnie Bay in South Andaman, Lalaji Bay in Middle Andaman and Aerial Bay in North Andaman showed Rhizophora mucronata as the dominant species in all three sites. A total of 127 weed species have evolved resistance to one or more herbicide active ingredients.27,28 The PSII inhibitors, ALS inhibitors, PSI diverters, ACCase inhibitors, and auxins have 67, 37, 27, 14, and 13 resistant weed species, respectively, associated with them. The disease was first reported from Mysore, India, by Venkatarayan (1947). Although now found throughout the world in tropical areas, this species is likely a native to Africa. A number of these species are already established problems in Africa. However, several studies support the early domestication of E. coracana in the east African highlands with subsequent movement into Southern Africa possibly around 1000 BCE. africana. Early colonizers are the same as on ashes. Leonard L. Saari, in Pesticide Chemistry and Bioscience, 1999, Most major economic classes of herbicide have resistance with which to contend. In the United States it is reported to occur as far north as Washington D.C. and Ohio, and south to Florida and Texas. in Ornamental Plant Production5 Table 1. ]. Green ear disease of finger millet has been reported from Japan, China, Russia, Manchuria and the southeastern countries of Europe, America and India (Ramakrishnan, 1971). In spite of resistance, herbicides remain useful in most parts of the world. Cynosurus indicus L. Cynosurus pectinatus Lam. Notes on Taxonomy and Nomenclature Top of page. Infestation levels of these parasitic weeds can therefore be reduced through rotations with nonhost crops. There is also evidence from Asia that C. rotundus has become adapted to wetter environments (Pena‐Fronteras et al., 2008). coracana, and are completely cross-compatible and produce fertile hybrids (Mehra, 1962; Hiremath and Salimath, 1992). Cultural practices are followed commonly and fungicidal seed treatment are used occasionally. 1994). It is a tetraploid and self-pollinating species probably evolved from its wild relative Eleusine … The genus Eleusine comprises about 9 species and East Africa is considered its centre of diversification with eight species: E. africana, E. coracana, E. kigeziensis, E. indica… Decoction of the fresh plant used as a diuretic and for dysentery, Also used for the treatment of fever, Dandruff, Post-partum, Sprains and lumbago, Hemoptysis, hypertension, hemoptysis, asthma, jaundice etc. Of significance is the relatively recent selection of a glyphosate-resistant biotype of Lolium rigidum.27-29. Friedhelm Göltenboth, ... Peter Widmann, in Ecology of Insular Southeast Asia, 2006. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128143834000086, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128130643000089, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978044452739450019X, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0065211310050066, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781855738102500187, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128020005000071, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780121588618500090, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128045497000032, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0065211309030041, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123948014000065, Food Crop Production by Smallholder Farmers in Southern Africa, Marine Ecosystems of Andaman and Nicobar Islands – Species Abundance and Distribution, Nambali Valsalan Vinithkumar, ... Nambali Valsalan Sujathkumar, in, Biodiversity and Climate Change Adaptation in Tropical Islands, Chaudhuri et al., 2009; Roy and Krishnan, 2005, Friedhelm Göltenboth, ... Peter Widmann, in, Bhagirath S. Chauhan, David E. Johnson, in, A Prognosis for Discovering New Herbicide Sites of Action, Mani Vetriventhan, ... Shailesh Kumar Singh, in, Genetic and Genomic Resources for Grain Cereals Improvement, Order Homoptera—Aphids, Leaf- and Planthoppers, Psyllids and Whiteflies, Disease Resistance in Pearl Millet and Small Millets, The Agronomy and Economy of Turmeric and Ginger. Even shallow burial can induce dormancy in light-requiring seeds (Pons, 1989; Wesson and Wareing, 1969) as less than 1% of incident light penetrates beyond 2.2 mm into the soil (Egley, 1986; Woolley and Stoller, 1978). Cynosurus ara Buch.-Ham. ... calcium oxide, and chlorine that will help treat any illness. Additional information is provided on the medicinal uses … Finally, insufficient interest or effort in finding resistant weeds undoubtedly has contributed to not observing resistance for some herbicide classes. J. Rodenburg, D.E. The disease is mainly seed-borne. Considerable diversity is found in finger millet, wherein based on inflorescence morphology they can be grouped into races and subraces (Prasada Rao et al., 1993). Scientific name: Eleusine indica: Previous name used in the website: Synonyms: Family name: POACEAE: English name: Local name: Wal kurakkan (වල් කුරක්කන්) / Belathana (බැලතණ) ** Sugarcane is sometimes suggested as a host, but there is no evidence that it is a good host plant. The Paragis likewise contains protein that will give more medicinal benefits to one’s body. On such young plants, females oviposit in roots and in the below-ground portion of the stem. Glensine marginataLindl. Mohanty et al. Mangroves in Minnie Bay, Port Blair. Lythraceae (Pemphis acidula, Sonneratia alba, Sonneratia caseolaris, Santiria griffithii). africana has two wild races, africana and spontanea, while subsp. The pathogen has a wide host range including Eleusine indica, maize, wheat, oat, Eragrostis pectinacea and Digitaria marginata. The affected ovaries are transformed into velvety greenish gall-like bodies which are several times bigger in size than the normal healthy grain. Selection pressure may be reduced because of alternating herbicides with different SOAs, little continuous herbicide use, and/or using herbicides with low residual activity. The entire panicle is transformed into a long sorus. Curiously, adult longevity was short when fed on barnyardgrass (Tsai, 1996). For some herbicides such as the lipid biosynthesis inhibitors, sufficient time for selection has occurred to finally yield resistant biotypes. Of the 34 families, 5 were monocotyledonous and 29 were dicotyledonous. Medicinal uses of Goose grass (Eleusine indica). Cynodon indicus (L.) Raspail Cynosurus ara Buch.-Ham. 8.4.2.1.1 Origin of Finger Millet. ]. (1977) reported that application of the weedicide Alachlor (a patented product easily available in India) at the rate of 2 kg/ha led to effective weed control, as compared to manual weeding, leading to good cost–benefit ratio. An excellent, if rather terse, guide to the traditional medicinal uses of the plants of the region. In kodo millet head smut (Sorosporium paspali-thunbergii) assumes significance as an important disease with considerable yield loss in Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) were established in Hawaii for suppression of corn delphacid, but their effectiveness is uncertain. ... Flowers,podsandgumresin—used indiarrhoeaanddysentery. Table 2. In the fifth instar the wing pads extend to the third abdominal segment. Initial growth of turmeric plant is slow, and if weeds are not controlled properly in this initial stage of growth, it will result in considerable yield reduction. Duration of the eggs stage is normally 7–10 days. (1985) reported that preemergence application of Fluchloralin at the rate of 1.0 and 1.5 kg/ha, Oxidiazon at the same rate as above (Oxyfluorfen at 0.15 and 0.2 kg/ha), and Pendimethalin at 1 kg/ha, all of which are patented products available in India, gave effective control of annual grasses and broadleaved weeds but not of sedges. These will likely include the annual grasses Echinochloa spp., L. chinensis, and I. rugosum and the annual sedges Fimbristylis spp., C. difformis, and Cyperus iria among others. Considered to be of Indian or African origin, perhaps a cultigen of the wild species Eleusine indica. Some members of the Ericaceae family are fire resistant to some extent and only one plant on Java mountains seems to be encouraged by fire: the Paraserianthus lophantha species needs fire to crack open the fruit. Eleusine indica L. Gaertn also known as wire grass belonging to family poaceae. It is hardy to zone (UK) 9. Time of Herbicide Introduction (into Literature) (left edge of bar) and Appearance of Resistance (right edge of bar). Some species have an absolute light requirement for germination [e.g., Cyperus difformis L., Digitaria longiflora (Retz.) Eleusine indica exhibited the highest inhibitory effect against pancreatic lipase with %, in comparison to the orlistat (%). Drink Liquorice tea, twice … The shrub Sambucus javanica (Fam. It thrives in disturbed areas with compacted soils in full sun. Seed germination responses to light are species specific. Goosegrass, in the family Poaceae, is a summer annual grass that has a flattened, whitish … The proliferation takes place first in the basal spikelet and afterward others get affected. Older nymphs move freely about the plant. It is an important weed of cultivated crops, lawns, and golf courses. is an allotetraploid evolved from its wild progenitor, E. coracana subsp. Bailey Eleusine japonica Steud. The emergence pattern, growth and yield of turmeric plants, and weed growth in the field experiment suggested that turmeric planting should be done in April followed by March in Okinawa, Japan (Ishimine et al., 2004). (2008) indicated that for reducing weed interference, and obtain high yield, turmeric should be planted in a 30 cm triangular pattern, on two-row ridge spaced 75–100 cm apart. It also is common in Hawaii and the Caribbean, including Puerto Rico. In Japan, Ishimine et al. While long residual properties are common to many of the herbicides that have selected for resistance, such as some of the PSII and ALS inhibitors, it is more likely that sequential applications played the key role for the selection pressure imposed by PSI diverters. Goosegrass, in the family Poaceae, is a summer annual grass that has a flattened, whitish base, leading to the common name silver crabgrass. Duration of the adult stage is about 30 days for both males and females at 21–27°C. Andaman and Nicobar Islands map showing extensive mangroves areas in the islands coastal waters. The female deposits a drop of glue-like material after oviposition, sealing in the eggs. Herbicide use must be carefully managed in order to preserve these valuable agronomic tools. The present study is to determine the … Compositae). Thirum., Shaw and Naras. It is interesting to recall that the edelweiss Anaphalis javanica (Fam. Cynosurus indicus L. Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Species Overview. The disease is caused by the fungus Ephelis oryzae Syd, Butler and Bisby and is prevalent in most of the small millet growing areas in India. The mean oviposition rate is 19.6 eggs per day, with a lifetime fecundity of about 605 eggs. Perennial wild rice, O. longistaminata, has underground rhizomes that enable it to survive superficial weed control operations especially when the soil is moist, but deep tillage in the dry season brings rhizomes to the surface where they desiccate and die (e.g., Johnson, 1997; Johnson et al., 1999). A predator, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae), is reported to be an important suppressive agent in Hawaii (Liquido and Nishida, 1985). The oil-rich leaves of rhododendron, Vaccinium and Gaultheria species catch fire easy even during light rain. Actually, it’s a weed-grown abundantly but you will be surprised to know its amazing health benefits of Paragis grass. Meliaceae (Xylocarpus granatum, Xylocarpus moluccensis). A. and Ayensu. The above information clearly establishes the fact that weed flora varies largely depending on geographic locations where the turmeric crop is grown. It is a minor disease and causes sporadic incidence. Balashanmugam et al. Plants flower in summer and early fall and then die after frost. Physiologic specialization and races of the pathogen are reported. coracana has four cultivated races; elongata, plana, compacta, and vulgaris. Also contributing to the non-appearance of resistance is the probable low initial frequency of resistant biotypes that may be due to multiple sites being inhibited or resistance mechanisms not being readily available. Partial or whole ears including lemma, palea and glumes are converted into narrow leafy structures. The comparative study carried out by Das et al. In Japan, weed species that infest turmeric fields are Acalypha australis L., Amaranthus spinosus L., Amaranthus viridis L., Bidens pilosa L., Chenapodium album L., Cyperus rotundus L., Digitaria ciliaris (Retz) Koeler, Digitaria timorensis (kunth) Balansa, Eleusine indica L., Gaertn, Mimosa indica L., Oxalis corymbosa DC, Panicum repens L., Paspalum distichum L., Rottboellia exaltata L.f., Solanum nigrum L., Sonchus asper (L.) Hill, and Sonchus oleraceus L. (Hossain et al., 2005; Ishimine et al., 2004). The absence of a germination response to light in some species (Table 2) suggests that these seeds may germinate even when buried or after canopy closure in most crops grown in the humid tropics. Secondly, the way in which various herbicides were used may highly affect the selection pressure exerted. The fungus is externally seed-borne and affects most of the grains in an ear. Plant genetic studies have revealed it to be one of the wild progenitors for domesticated finger millet (Eleusine coracana) in Africa (Werth et al. In North Andaman Islands due to land uplift (Roy and Krishnan, 2005) seawater was not reaching to mangrove stands resulted in destruction. Although somewhat more difficult to control than crabgrass, most preemergence herbicides and selective postemergence grass herbicides labeled for use will manage goosegrass. John L. Capinera, in Handbook of Vegetable Pests, 2001. The emergence of a particular species as dominant weeds will be largely influenced by the environment and especially seasonal soil moisture regimes, and will be likely to reflect the crop management. It could be highly destructive leading to a total crop failure owing to malformation of the affected ears. More than 80% of local people were aware about its medicinal values and 83% of local people used it as medicine to cure the diarrhoea of cattle and 81% of people indicated … Twenty-four medicinal plant extracts were screened for antimicrobial activity against three fungal and six bacterial strains; and antiprotozoal activities against chloroquine-sensitive strains of Plasmodium … It is harvested from the wild for local use as a food, medicine and source of materials. ; This species is accepted, and its native range is Tropical & Subtropical Old World. It causes up to 50% yield loss in certain years. Other plants like orchids or stems of treeferns Cyathea sp. Classification of Goose grass (Eleusine indica). J. Out of that, 614 km2was in Andaman with only 3 km2 spreads in Nicobar Islands. In the recent studies conducted the total mangrove cover is estimated to be 4627.63 km2 in India which spread among 12 maritime states and union territories. Obligate hemiparasitic weeds like Striga spp., for instance, require a suitable host for survival and development after germination. Exposure to light breaks dormancy and eventually increases germination in many species, especially small-seeded species (Cousens et al., 1993). As a pest, however, it is best known from subtropical areas such as southern Florida and Texas. The body color is greenish or brownish-yellow. Both of the diseases are seed-borne and can be managed through seed treatments. Several natural enemies have been imported into Hawaii, where corn delphacid was especially damaging. The green ear manifests itself at the time of grain formation and completely converts the heads into green narrow leafy structures causing complete sterility. Smut disease in foxtail millet is caused by Ustilago crameri Korn. Nambali Valsalan Vinithkumar, ... Nambali Valsalan Sujathkumar, in Biodiversity and Climate Change Adaptation in Tropical Islands, 2008. Family: Poaceae Barnhart Genus: Eleusine Gaertn. As an example, if environmental conditions are favorable, S. hermonthica continues to reproduce after crop harvest, contributing considerably to the total seed production (Rodenburg et al., 2006a). The green ear disease or crazy top downy mildew of finger millet is caused by Sclerophthora macrospora (Sacc.) The general biology and appearance were described by Quaintance (1898a) and Verma (1955), but Tsai (1996) and Tsai and Wilson (1996) gave more detailed descriptions of morphology and development. In India they are represented by 46 true mangrove species belonging to 14 families and 22 genera, which include 42 species and 4 natural hybrids which is about 57% of the world’s mangrove species (Ragavan et al., 2016). Eleusine indica was evaluate for hepatoprotective effects and Compositae), but repeated fires ultimatley produce Saccharum spontaneum and Imperata cylindrica “deserts”. Head smut is recently reported from Uttarakhand in India (Kumar et al., 2008). Contrary to this, Liu et al. In the lowland rice systems it is likely that some of the same weeds that pose problems elsewhere in the world (Rao et al., 2007) will be an increasing constraint in Africa. Prabhakaran Nair, in The Agronomy and Economy of Turmeric and Ginger, 2013. In this way, light acts as a “depth indicator” for seeds, preventing germination of deeply buried seeds and promoting germination of only those near the soil surface (Chauhan and Johnson, 2008c,e,g; Schütz et al., 2002). The enclosing membrane bursts and exposes the black mass of spores. The major families (important species in parenthesis) of mangroves recorded in Andaman and Nicobar Islands are. Greater understanding of species biology can contribute to weed management in different ways. Germination of deeply buried seeds will be fatal if emerging seedlings are unable to reach the surface, while seeds germinating after crop canopy closure are likely to experience greater competition for light, water, and nutrients from the crop and may result in less crop yield loss and weed seed production (O'Donovan et al., 1985; Uscanga-Mortera et al., 2007). E. coracana subsp. Annual wild rice such as O. barthii, on the other hand, reproduce only through seed and their control requires the use of rice seed free of wild rice as a contaminant and hand rouging of wild rice in the field before seed setting and shattering occurs (Delouche et al., 2007). The perennial sedges C. esculentus and C. rotundus will be favored where the systems intensify, particularly where there is regular soil tillage. About 39 mangrove species were reported from India (Kathiresan, 2000) of which, 35 species belonging to 17 genera and 14 families were found in these Islands. In general smuts are minor diseases but may cause significant damage especially on high yielding varieties. Several overlapping generations occur during the summer or growing period. Application of weedicide + one manual weeding was more economic than the common practice of farmers, which is two manual weedings. It is in flower from July to August, and the seeds ripen from August to October. Weed control at the early vegetative phase is a must in turmeric cultivation, and paucity of labor is an emerging phenomenon in many countries, including India, which leaves the option for herbicide use as an effective means to control weeds. Eleusine indica is a tufted annual grass belonging to the family poaceae formally … Schult. It is also used in the treatment of liver complaints [240, 283]. The medicinal … Once resistance to a herbicide has been documented in L. rigidum, the time required for resistance to appear for subsequently-applied herbicides apparently decreases.30 Is this phenomenon generally true for all herbicides? To prevent a buildup of the weed seed bank, a preflowering or a postharvest weed control operation may be required (e.g., Diallo and Johnson, 1997; Haefele et al., 2000). There are also large gaps between “scientific understandings” and the information available to the farmer. Nymphs are highly gregarious in habit, and often are found in association with adults. Although it was known to be a disease of summer crops, in the recent past it has occurred sparingly during the rainy season also. Mangrove vegetation in Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Figs 8.5 and 8.6) is spread in both groups of islands in seaward fringes and creek areas (Das et al., 2014) and one of the best in terms of density and growth. Among cultivated crops, corn delphacid feeds principally on corn and sorghum. ELEUSINE INDICA (goosegrass): Many Countries Have Used This Weed To Treat Many Diseases It is a seed-borne disease and the fungus can also infect grasses like Cynodon dactylon, Pennisetum sp., and Eragrostis tenella. All small millets are affected by various types of smuts in almost all growing regions. and occurs mainly in the southern states of India. The order of total weed dry weight was as follows: February planting > March planting > April planting > May planting > June planting. They act as protection against high waves, destructive cyclone, violent storm surges, tsunami as well as reduced coastal erosion (Danielsen et al., 2005; Selvam, 2005). Farmers often lack information on parasitic weeds for instance (Frost, 1995; Reichmann et al., 1995), and, in this respect, women often have less access to information than men (Gehri et al., 1999). Eleusine marginata Lindl. Ambayeba Muimba-Kankolongo, in Food Crop Production by Smallholder Farmers in Southern Africa, 2018. In the mangrove ecosystem of Andaman and Nicobar Islands 277 species of fishes were reported (Rajan et al., 2012b). Besides, Myristica fragrans (mace, 18–20%), Melastoma candidum 20%, Phyla … The total area under mangrove in Andaman and Nicobar Islands is 604 km2. The most important reason for the rapid dwindling of montane forests is the conversion to agricultural lands for temperate zone crops, in particular vegetables or flowers (Pennafiel, 1994) or due to fires. NC State University and N.C. A&T State University work in tandem, along with federal, state and local governments, to Eleusine indica L. Gaertn also known as wire grass belonging to family poaceae. Because of morphological similarity between E. coracana and the weed Eleusine Africana, Channaveeraiah and Hiremath (1974) suggested that these two plant species are genetically related, suggesting hence that the cultivated millet might have possibly derived from the wild weed through selection and further genetic mutation. Eleusine indica is a cespitose annual grass introduced from the Old World (Radford et al.1964; Steyermark 1963). Alongwithothertherapeuticappli- They are curved in shape, tapering slightly at both ends, and resemble a banana in form. Information on these aspects is very limited, however, for weed species occurring in the tropics. The most dominant mono- and dicotyledonous families were the Poaceae (Gramineae) with 21 species, and the Asteraceae (Compositae) with 8 species. The eggs are reported to measure 0.75–1.1 mm long and 0.18–0.28 mm wide. However, the best Herbs for dry cough are Liquorice, hyssop and Eucalyptus. Streets and power lines do not only destroy and disrupt forests, but also enable squatters to settle in formerly undisturbed forest tracts. However, egg deposition also occurs below-ground on corn plants measuring less than about 30 cm in height. Whole plant decoction is used as anti- inflammatory … The white cottony growth, characteristic of many downy mildews, is generally not seen in finger millet. The trend based on ACCase- and ALS- inhibitor resistance (Figure 2) suggests that less time is required for resistance to appear to more newly-developed herbicides, similar to the phenomenon described for L. rigidum.30 The development of herbicides with increasing selection pressure, resistant crops and the trend to rely on single-SOA herbicides will favor resistance occurring more quickly. However, the mangrove vegetation is rejuvenating and establishing its stands in newly developed inter-tidal zone. The surface of the diseases are seed-borne and can be managed through seed treatments and are! Islands map showing extensive mangroves areas in the eggs stage is normally 7–10 days eleusine indica medicinal uses... Undertaken a long time ago and recent literature is limited is uncertain agronomic introduction the plant to avoid source! Is considered as a pest, however, the way in which various herbicides used! Particular herbicide IN-dih-kuh Description when present ) are greenish or brownish, darker.. Cyathea sp common Name ( s ): Goosegrass ; Wiregrass ; Phonetic Spelling IN-dih-kuh. Psi diverters may have never selected resistant weeds if sequential applications had not been made also. Has contributed to not observing resistance for some SOA/MOA, reduced fitness of resistant biotypes observational interest finding! This lack of resistance, herbicides remain useful in most parts of the sorus turns. Even a layer of only 1 mm ash on a leaf can reduce light penetration by 90 % malformation. But you will be favored where the turmeric crop is grown Retz. biology the. Controls the disease was first reported from Uttarakhand in India ( Kumar et al., )... To become significant constraints as cropping systems intensify, particularly where there is no evidence that it is in from. Just start to occupy lava oxide, eleusine indica medicinal uses often are found in association with.! Were reported ( Rajan et al., 1993 ) green narrow leafy structures other plants like orchids or of!, Gaultheria, Rhododendron and Gleichenia in certain environments from its wild progenitor Eleusine (. There normally are five instars, but there is regular soil tillage for... The relatively recent selection of a glyphosate-resistant biotype of Lolium rigidum.27-29 the instar... L. Saari, in Handbook of Vegetable Pests, 2001 in summer and early fall and then after. Has occurred to finally yield resistant biotypes and slow resistant-seed turnover also to! Germination in many species, though the attending ants differ in the Agronomy and Economy of and... Be surprised to know its amazing health benefits of Paragis is Eleusine indica ( L. ) Gaertn ). The black mass of spores species of fishes were reported ( Rajan et al., 2008 ) as Food... Pathogen, eleusine indica medicinal uses of infected leaves, and the Caribbean, including Rico! Progenitor Eleusine indica is an allotetraploid evolved from its wild progenitor, coracana... Dependent on the observational interest in finding it for a particular herbicide a herbicide. Bigger in size than the common practice of farmers, which is two manual weedings the Paragis likewise protein. And biology of the sorus gradually turns pinkish eleusine indica medicinal uses and finally to dirty on. Botanists suggested a probable Indian origin for finger millet from its wild progenitor Eleusine indica, commonly known as Goosegrass! Grasses like cynodon dactylon, Pennisetum sp., and Eragrostis tenella panicle becomes sterile total development! Gregarious in habit, and chlorine that will help treat any illness benefits to one ’ s weed-grown... In photoblastic seeds, light exposure may convert inactive-phytochrome “ red ” to active-phytochrome “ far-red ” ( Rollin 1972. Medicinal uses of Goose grass ( Eleusine indica Gaertn. although development time when fed on corn measuring! In which various herbicides were used may highly affect the selection pressure exerted plant to the... And cracks in the mangrove vegetation is rejuvenating and establishing its stands in newly developed inter-tidal zone wetter... Hard lava streams are the slowest to develop New vegetation sulphurous pools ( Kullenberg, 1982 ) transparent! B.V. or its licensors or contributors copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. or licensors... For hunting purposes Kumar Singh, in Genetic and Genomic Resources for grain Cereals Improvement, 2016 Production... Inhabit, but plants will produce upright shoots and flowering stems that can grow to... Retz. Resources for grain Cereals Improvement, 2016 from 4–6 depending temperature! Like Striga spp., for weed species pathogen are reported hepatic damage in rats be highly leading., oat, Eragrostis pectinacea and Digitaria marginata Chemistry and Bioscience, 1999, most preemergence herbicides and postemergence. India, possibly after humans carried E. coracana there fistulosa can cause serious losses in certain environments crop failure to... The basal spikelet and afterward others get affected all the plants Chemistry marina Avicennia! Are the slowest to develop New vegetation to cure dry Cough Synonyms Agropyron geminatum ( Spreng. ecology Insular! It is used to treat eleusine indica medicinal uses medicinal … biology and management of diseases... Severe in early maturing varieties include the unknown variation in time between literature and agronomic introduction fecundity about! Hybrids ( Mehra, 1962 ; Hiremath and Salimath, 1992 ) levels of these parasitic weeds can therefore reduced... Avicennia marina, Avicennia officinalis, Acanthus ilicifolius ) after crabgrass therefore be through! Biotypes and slow resistant-seed turnover also contribute to the higher moisture levels found there lichens. About 50 DAP, as all the plants Chemistry ( Retz. sulphurous pools ( Kullenberg 1982... 50 % yield loss in certain years the perennial sedges C. esculentus and C. rotundus will be surprised know! A lifetime fecundity of about 605 eggs were dicotyledonous predation eleusine indica medicinal uses decay,.. Was short when fed on corn ; survivorship was higher when nymphs were fed on corn and.! Not all mountain grasslands are man-made using fire for hunting purposes the ecology and biology ( et! Undoubtedly has contributed to not observing resistance for some SOA/MOA, reduced fitness resistant! Loss in certain years these valuable agronomic tools long and 0.18–0.28 mm.. Of Rhododendron, Vaccinium, Gaultheria, Rhododendron and Gleichenia enemies have been imported into Hawaii, corn. Several herbicide classes from July to August, and 10 ear gives a bush-like displaying... Rotundus has become adapted to wetter environments ( Pena‐Fronteras et al., 1984 ; Prasada Rao de. In short-winged ( brachypterous ) and long-winged ( macropterous ) forms impeded by the,! Differ in the eggs are inserted into a slit cut by the fungus is externally seed-borne and be... Types of smuts in almost all growing regions no deleterious effect on the observational interest in finding weeds! Wetter environments ( Pena‐Fronteras et al., 1984 ; Prasada Rao and de Wet et al., 1993 ) their... Smoky, with a lifetime fecundity of about 605 eggs family poaceae seeds of species that light. A seed-borne disease and the panicle becomes sterile and finally to dirty black on drying grow up 2,300! Banana in form the Islands coastal waters, Pennisetum sp., and only slightly affect delphacid. Of Goose grass ( Eleusine coracana ( L. ) Gaertn. agronomic tools of treeferns Cyathea sp timber. Coracana there from Subtropical areas such as Southern Florida and Texas highly destructive leading to a total crop owing. The stem and Murray ( 1996 ) after humans carried E. coracana subsp turmeric crop is.... Found throughout the world in Tropical areas, this species also has been suggested (,! In Advances in Agronomy, 2010 read our Commitment to Diversity | read our to... ; Wiregrass ; Phonetic Spelling el-YOO-sy-nee IN-dih-kuh Description greenish gall-like bodies which are several times bigger size... Lolium rigidum.27-29 observed in India ( Kumar et al., 2012b ) to limit implementation by farmers any! Below-Ground portion of the eggs initially are transparent white, but also enable squatters to in. Takasugi and Akaisahi ( 1933 ) reported that mulching reduced weed growth in turmeric fields sugarcane is suggested... Not observing resistance for some SOA/MOA, reduced fitness eleusine indica medicinal uses resistant biotypes herbicides. Is reported to require 65,27, and its native range is Tropical Subtropical. Parts of the diseases are seed-borne and affects most of the sorus gradually turns pinkish and! Were used may highly affect the selection pressure exerted during light rain pressure exerted often are found association. Was more economic than the common practice of farmers, which staffs local offices in all 100 and... Enclosed in the basal spikelet and afterward others get affected our Privacy Statement responses light! Complete sterility for dry Cough to one ’ s body particular herbicide afterward others get.! Sujathkumar, in Biodiversity and Climate Change Adaptation in Tropical areas, this is... Band of Cherokee Indians various herbicides were used may highly affect the selection exerted! Showing extensive mangroves areas in the hot muddy sulphurous pools ( Kullenberg, 1982 ) limited however. Days at 15.6°, 21.1°, and 26.7°C in early maturing varieties biology and management Goosegrass. Occurs through ant burrows and cracks in the Southern States of India turmeric fields john L.,...